THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

Biology  Library 

BEQUEST  OF 

Theodore  3.  Palmer 


.     vS, 


PROCEEDINGS    OF  THE    ROCHESTER    ACADEMY   OF    SCIENCE 

VOL  4,  PP.  1—64. 


BIRDS   OF    WESTERN    NEW   YORK 


ELON    HOWARD    KATON 


ROCHESTER,  N.  \'. 

ISHMD    P,Y    'IHK    S 
KTARN',     ic)ul. 


* 


7  £3 


PROCEEDINGS    OF  THE   ROCHESTER  ACADEMY    OF    SCIENCE 
VOL.  4,  PP.  i-64.  FEBRUARY  15.  1901. 


BIRDS  OF  WESTERN  NEW  YORK. 

BY  ELON  HOWARD  EATON. 
{Read  before  the  Academy,  March  /^,  1899.} 

CONTENTS. 

Page 

Introductory i 

Region  represented i 

Faunal   areas 2 

Season  of  occurrence 3 

Relative  abundance 4 

Migration 5 

Habitat 5 

Nesting  dates 5 

Economic  value 5 

Incomplete  records 6 

Summary  of  species 7 

Acknowledgments 7 

Bibliography,  explanations 7 

Migration  and  residence  tables 9 

Annotated  check-list 16 

Hypothetical  List 59 

Index 63 


INTRODUCTORY. 
REGION    REPRESENTED. 

The  territory  covered  by  this  list  is  the  western  portion  of  New 
York  State,  extending  eastward  through  the  "  Finger  Lake"  region. 
It  will  be  seen  upon  inspecting  a  contour  map  of  the  state  that  this  is 
a  natural  division  consisting  of  three  east  and  west  belts.  The  south- 
ernmost of  these  is  the  northern  extremity  of  the  Alleghany  Plateau, 
ranging  from  1,500  to  2,000  feet  in  elevation,  and  drained  southward 
principally  by  the  Allegheny  and  Susquehana  rivers.  The  high,  roll- 
ing plains  of  the  middle  belt  have  a  gentle  slope  toward  the  north, 
their  lowest  elevation  of  1,000  feet  being  along  an  irregular  line  from 
Buffalo  to  Syracuse.  These  elevated  plains  are  much  cut  up  by  the 
north  and  south  valleys  of  ancient  drainage  channels,  many  of  which 


542 


2  ROCHESTER    ACADEMY    OF    SCIENCE. 

were  dammed  at  the  close  of  the  glacial  period  by  the  retreating  ice 
sheet,  and  are  now  occupied  by  the  central  chain  of  lakes.  The  north- 
ern belt  is  a  level  or  slightly  undulating  plain  widening  toward  the 
east.  Its  lowest  portion,  lying  along  the  southern  shore  of  Lake 
Ontario,  and  about  Oneida,  Cayuga  and  Seneca  Lakes,  is  below  500 
feet  in  elevation.  The  drainage  of  the  northern  and  middle  belts  is 
through  the  St.  Lawrence  system. 

FAUNAL  AREAS. 

Western  New  York  lies  principally  in  the  Transition  life  zone,  as 
mapped  by  Dr.  Merriam  (Bui.  No.  10,  Biological  Survey,  U.  S. 
Dept.  of  Agriculture,  and  in  the  Geographic  Distribution  of  Life  in 
North  America,  Smithsonian  Report,  1891). 

This  zone  stretches  across  the  northern  portion  of  the  United 
States  and  southern  Canada,  and  is  divided  into  the  eastern,  or  humid, 
and  the  western,  or  arid,  regions.  The  humid  division,  which  is  the  one 
represented  in  western  New  York,  is  knowrn  as  the  Alleghanian  faunal 
area,  and  there  corresponds  very  nearly  with  the  middle  and  southern 
belts  defined  above.  This  fauna  includes  the  greater  portion  of  our 
characteristic  birds. 

The  Upper  Austral  life  zone,  which  in  general  lies  south  of  the 
Transition  zone,  has  its  humid  division  east  of  the  icoth  meridian. 
This  is  known  as  the  Carolinian  fauna,  an  extension  of  which  stretches 
along  the  northern  shore  of  Lake  Erie,  passing  into  western  New 
York  along  the  southern  shore  of  Lake  Ontario,  widening  toward  the 
east  and  south  through  the  central  lake  region,  thus  corresponding  in 
western  New  York  to  the  northern  belt  of  low,  undulating  plains. 

The  Boreal  region,  which  includes  the  transcontinental  coniferous 
forest  belt  of  Canada,  passes  southward  along  the  mountain  ranges  of 
the  United  States,  and  reaches  western  New  York  near  the  southern 
jine,  in  the  counties  of  Steuben,  Allegany  and  Cattaraugus,  where  the 
altitude  rises  above  2,000  feet. 

The  southern  division  of  the  Boreal  region  here  represented  is 
known  as  the  Canadian  zone.  Thus  the  warmest  life  belt  of  our  region 
lies  farthest  to  the  north,  the  coldest  to  the  south, — the  influence  of 
altitude,  and  the  modifying  effects  of  the  Great  Lakes,  combining  to 
transpose  the  normal  positions  of  the  life  zones. 

To  the  Carolinian  fauna  belongs  the  greater  portion  of  our  sum- 
mer visitants,  and  a  goodly  number  of  the  summer  residents  of  the 
northern  belt  of  western  New  York  mentioned  above.  Such  repre- 


EATON BIRDS    OF    WESTERN    NEW    YORK.  3 

sentatives  of  this  fauna  as  the  king  rail,  worm-eating  warbler,  yellow- 
breasted  chat,  Carolina  wren  and  blue-gray  gnatcatcher  are  known  to 
breed  occasionally  ;  while  the  red-bellied  woodpecker,  green-crested 
flycatcher,  orchard  oriole,  rough-winged  swallow,  Louisiana  water 
thrush,  hooded  warbler  and  cerulean  warbler  breed  more  or  less  com- 
monly in  the  central  lake  region,  and  in  the  western  counties. 

To  the  Boreal  fauna  belongs  a  large  number  of  our  transient 
and  winter  visitants.  Many  of  the  Boreal  species  breed  with  us 
occasionally,  as  is  the  case  with  the  American  merganser,  blue-winged 
teal,  Wilson's  snipe,  yellow-bellied  flycatcher,  winter  wren,  brown 
creeper,  red-breasted  nuthatch,  hermit  thrush,  and  olive-backed 
thrush.  In  the  hilly  regions  of  the  south,  especially  at  Springville, 
Olean  and  Branchport,  as  well  as  in  some  of  the  colder  swamps,  several 
of  the  Boreal  birds  are  quite  common  breeders,  among  them  the 
Canadian,  mourning,  Blackburnian,  magnolia  and  black-throated  blue 
warblers.  The  junco  is  also  a  common  breeder  at  Springville,  Olean, 
Naples,  and  in  most  of  the  hilly  regions  toward  the  south.  In  many 
localities  the  boreal  and  the  Carolinian  forms  may  be  found  breeding 
side  by  side.  At  Springville,  for  example,  the  hooded  warbler  and 
the  red-bellied  woodpecker  breed  in  the  same  wood  with  the  junco  and 
the  Blackburnian,  black-throated  blue,  Canadian  and  mourning  war- 
blers. On  Cananadaigua  Lake  the  rough-winged  swallow,  Louisiana 
water  thrush  and  Canadian  warbler  breed  in  close  proximity  with  the 
generally  distributed  scarlet  tanager,  wood  pewee  and  crested 
flycatcher. 

SEASON  OF   OCCURRENCE. 

The  birds  have  been  grouped  according  to  the  time  of  their 
occurrence,  as  residents,  or  those  species  which  are  with  us  throughout 
the  year,  like  the  great  horned  owl,  ruffed  grouse  and  downy  wood- 
pecker/ summer  residents,  or  those  which  come  to  us  in  the  spring, 
raise  their  young,  and  depart  in  the  fall,  as  the  red-winged  blackbird, 
vesper  sparrow  and  yellow  warbler  ;  transient  visitants,  or  those  which 
make  a  short  stay  with  us  in  the  spring  and  fall,  on  their  way  to  and 
from  their  breeding  grounds  which  lie  mostly  to  the  north,  such  as 
the  golden  plover,  ruby-crowned  kinglet  and  myrtle  warbler  ;  winter 
visitants,  which  are  boreal  or  arctic  species  that  spend  a  portion  of 
the  colder  season  with  us,  returning  to  their  northern  home  on  the 
approach  of  spring,  e.  g. ,  the  snowflake,  tree  sparrow,  pine  grosbeak  ; 
summer  visitants,  or  southern  species,  which  appear  for  a  short  time 
during  the  heat  of  summer,  but  are  not  known  to  breed  in  this  region, 
.e.  g.,  the  American  egret,  glossy  ibis  and  summer  tanager. 


4  ROCHESTER    ACADEMY   OF    SCIENCE. 

Many  species  are  difficult  to  classify  under  any  one  of  the  heads 
just  given,  as,  for  example,  the  robin,  which  is  a  summer  resident 
and  at  the  same  time  is  often  found  throughout  the  winter,  and  hence 
might  be  classed  as  a  resident;  or  the  mallard,  which  is  chiefly  a 
transient  visitant,  but  has  been  known  to  breed  in  this  region,  and 
also  occurs  throughout  the  winter  in  favored  localities.  In  cases 
such  as  these,  the  bird  is  ranked  according  to  the  general,  rather 
than  the  exceptional  mode  of  occurrence,  and  the  exceptions  noted. 

RELATIVE  ABUNDANCE. 

It  is  practically  impossible  to  take  a  census  of  the  bird  life  of 
any  region ;  nevertheless  an  attempt  has  been  made  to  give  a  general 
idea  of  the  comparative  abundance  of  birds  by  adopting  terms  in 
ordinary  use.  The  commonest  birds,  such  as  the  robin,  cat  bird,  song 
sparrow,  etc. ,  are  called  abundant  species  ;  next  in  order  come  birds  of 
common  occurrence,  such  as  the  meadowlark,  savanna  sparrow  and 
bobolink. 

Fairly  common  birds  are  such  as  may  be  found  in  limited 
numbers  at  the  proper  place  and  season :  for  example,  the  loggerhead 
shrike,  rose-breasted  grosbeak  and  scarlet  tanager. 

The  expression  uncommon  has  been  applied  to  birds,  which, 
though  by  no  means  rare,  are  met  so  seldom  that  they  can  not  be 
called  fairly  common  ;  they  visit  the  region  regularly,  but  in  very 
limited  numbers.  Birds  of  occasional  occurrence  are  those  which 
are  not  found  here  regularly  each  season,  but  may  be  expected  in 
each  locality  at  intervals  of  a  few  years  at  most;  the  whistling  swan, 
redpoll  and  snowy  owl  are  examples. 

The  term  rare  is  reserved  for  birds  which  have  been  recorded 
but  a  very  few  times  in  this  region,  but  yet  cannot  be  regarded  as 
stragglers  from  their  regular  range  or  migration  routes;  to  this  class 
belong  the  Eskimo  curlew,  kittiwake  and  blue-gray  gnatcatcher. 

Accidental  birds  are  those  which  are  wanderers  from  their  proper 
home,  usually  driven  here  by  storms  or  unknown  causes;  here  belong 
the  petrels,  tropic  bird,  black  skimmer,  Bullock's  oriole  and  cinnamon 
teal. 

In  the  residence  and  migration  chart  a  closer  approximation  to 
the  correct  statement  of  relative  abundance  may  be  found  graphically 
represented. 


EATON BIRDS  OF  WESTERN  NEW  YORK.  5 

MIGRATION. 

The  dates  given  for  the  appearance  and  disappearance  of  our 
commoner  species  of  birds  are  the  averages  taken  from  records 
extending  over  periods  of  five  years  at  Springville,  six  at  Canan- 
daigua,  and  four  at  Rochester.  The  dates  of  arrival  and  departure 
have  been  found  practically  the  same  at  these  three  stations,  as 
might  be  expected,  when  it  is  considered  that  Springville,  though 
nearer  the  winter  home  of  our  summer  birds,  is  on  a  higher  level, 
and  consequently  is  reached  at  a  slightly  later  period  than  its  latitude 
alone  would  lead  us  to  expect. 

Under  normal  circumstances,  different  species  will  be  found  to 
follow  the  dates  recorded.  But  it  must  be  borne  in  mind  that 
exceptional  weather  conditions  in  March  and  April  may  hasten  or 
retard  for  many  days  the  arrival  of  early  migrants,  while  the  time 
of  arrival  of  May  migrants  has  been  found  to  vary  but  few  days  at  the 
most.  The  autumn  movements  of  birds  are  more  difficult  to  observe, 
but  the  figures  given  are  the  best  that  can  be  offered  in  the  present 
state  of  our  knowledge.  For  a  graphic  representation  of  the  migration 
of  all  species  which  have  been  definitely  recorded  for  this  region,  the 
reader  is  referred  to  the  chart  accompanying  this  list. 

HABITAT. 

An  attempt  has  been  made  in  the  list  to  indicate  briefly  the 
chosen  habitat  of  each  species.  This  while  easy  in  the  case  of  a  bird 
like  the  marsh  wren,  is  more  difficult  in  the  case  of  such  birds  as  the 
robin,  which  is  almost  equally  at  home  in  the  door-yard,  orchard, 
field  and  forest. 

NESTING  DATES. 

Just  as  in  the  case  of  the  migration  records,  the  breeding  data  are 
the  result  of  many  years'  observations.  The  dates  given  are  not 
absolute,  but  are  subject  to  the  same  variation  as  those  referring  to 
migration,  and  noted  under  that  heading.  The  earliest  date  given 
under  each  species,  is  that  on  which  the  nesting  has  begun  on  at  least 
two  different  seasons,  and  the  second  date  is  the  latest  upon  which, 
under  ordinary  conditions,  freshly  laid  eggs  may  be  found. 

ECONOMIC  VALUE. 

Little  has  been  said  in  this  list  regarding  the  food  of  the  different 
species,  but  in  the  case  of  birds  which  are  decidedly  injurious  or 
beneficial,  mention  has  been  made  of  such  fact  for  the  guidance  of 


6  ROCHESTER    ACADEMY    OE    SCIENCE. 

those  not  familiar  with  the  food  habits  of  the  species,  and  also  to  serve 
as  a  possible  stimulus  for  further  interest  along  the  line  of  bird  protec- 
tion. 

For  a  detailed  statement  of  the  food  of  our  common  birds, 
reference  is  made  to  the  bulletins  of  the  Biological  Survey,  U.  S. 
Dept.  of  Agriculture. 

INCOMPLETE  RECORDS. 

Some  of  the  species  recorded  in  this  list  as  occurring  in  Western 
New  York  are  entered  on  the  authority  of  persons  who  have  been 
unable  to  furnish  definite  data  regarding  the  time  of  capture.  None  of 
these  records  seem  improbable,  and  in  some  instances  the  specimen 
upon  which  the  record  is  founded  is  still  in  existence.  Under  this 
head  should  be  placed  the  following  : 

Laughing  gull,  Prothonotary  warbler, 

Arctic  tern,  Magpie, 

Harlequin  duck,  Dickcissel, 

Greater  snow  goose,  Summer  tanager, 

American  white-fronted  goose,  Carolina  chickadee. 

Trumpeter  swan,  Whooping  crane, 

Snowy  heron,  Sandhill  crane, 

Yellow-crowned  night  heron,  Clapper  rail, 

American  avocet,  Purple  gallinule. 

The  records  for  laughing  gull,  snowy  heron,  yellow-crowned 
night  heron,  clapper  rail,  magpie,  dickcissel,  summer  tanager  and 
Carolina  chickadee,  may  possibly  be  due  to  error  in  observation,  since 
in  the  case  of  these  species  we  have  found  either  no  trace  of  the  speci- 
mens or  that  they  have  been  recorded  only  as  having  been  seen. 
From  our  present  knowledge,  we  should  especially  question  the 
records  of  the  night  heron,  clapper  rail,  magpie  and  Carolina  chick- 
adee. 

In  the  case  of  Bullock's  oriole,  while  the  record  of  time  and  place 
is  definite  and  reliable,  the  specimen  itself  has  apparently  disappeared. 
This  species  and  the  cinnamon  teal  are  here  reported  for  the  first  time 
as  New  York  species. 


EATON BIRDS  OF  WESTERN  NEW  YORK.  7 

SUMMARY  OF  SPECIES. 

Species  definitely  recorded,        -  297 

Species  with  indefinite  records,  18 

Species  here  exterminated,  2 

Foreign  species  introduced,  -  2 

Abundant  species,  -       38 

Common  species,  -                                                                       59 

Fairly  common  species,  -  -       76 

Uncommon  species,  -                                                                        29 

Occasional  species,  -       22 

Rare  species,  -  54 

Accidental  species,  •»       39 

Residents,       -  23 

Summer  residents,  -       99 

Transient  visitants,  -                                                                      112 

Winter  visitants,  -  41 

Summer  visitants,  -                                                                        13 

Species  which  regularly  breed,  -  -       97 

Species  which  occasionally  breed,    -  43 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 

Credit  has  been  given  in  the  text  for  all  contributions  to  the 
list  for  which  the  author  is  not  personally  responsible,  but  for  services 
which  cannot  be  thus  recognized,  thanks  are  due  Louis  Agassiz  Fuertes 
of  Ithaca;  Egbert  Bagg  of  Utica;  James  Savage  of  Buffalo,  and 
A  .  W.  Perrior  of  Syracuse. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY,  EXPLANATIONS. 

The  chief  publications  which  have  been  consulted  in  the  prepara- 
tion of  the  list  are  as  follows: 

"A  Revised  List  of  the  Birds  of  Central  New  York."     Auburn,  N.  Y. 
1879.     Prepared  for  publication  by  FRANK  R.  RATHBUN. 

"Annotated  List  of  the  Birds  of  Oneida  County,  N.  Y.,"  etc.,  by 
WM.  L.  RALPH,  M.  D.,  and  EGBERT  BAGG. 

[From  the  Transactions  of  the  Oneida  Historical  Society \  ///,  101 ;  i886J\ 

"  List  of  the  Birds  of  Buffalo  and  Vicinity,"  1889,  by  W.  H.  BERG- 
TOLD,  M.  D. 

[Bulletin  of  the  Buffalo  Naturalists'  Field  Club,  Vol.  /,  No.  /.] 

"  Birds  of  Niagara  County,  N.  Y.,"  by  J.  L.  DAVISON. 
[ '  'Forest  and  Stream, ' '  September,  1889.  ] 


8  ROCHESTER    ACADEMY    OF    SCIENCE. 

"  Catalogue  of  the  Birds  of  Chemung  County,"  by  WM.  H.  GREGG, 
M.  D.      1891. 
[Proceedings  of  the  Elmira  Academy  of  Sciences,  Vol.  7,  No.  /.] 

"  Birds  of  Western  New  York,  with  Notes,"  by  ERNEST  H.  SHORT. 
Second  Edition.      1896. 

[Published  by  Frank  H.  Lattin,  Albion,  N.  K] 

"  Provisional  Check  List  of  N.  Y.  Birds,"  1898,  by  MARCUS  S.  FARR. 

[Bulletin  of  N.  Y.  State  Museum.'} 

"  The  Natural  History  of  New  York;  Birds,"  by  JAMES  DE  KAY.  1846. 

"  Our  Birds  in  their  Haunts,"  by  ].  H.  LANGILLE. 
[S.  E.  Cassino  &  Co.,  Boston,  1884.] 

"  Bulletin  of  the  Nuttall  Ornithological  Club,"  1876-1883. 

"The  Auk,"  1884  to  date. 

' '  The  Ornithologist  and  Oologist. ' ' 

"  The  Museum." 

"The  American  Ornithologists'  Union  Check- List  of  North  American 
Birds,"  second  edition,  1895. 

Chapman's  "  Handbook  of  Birds  of  Eastern  North  America,"  1898. 
Coues's  "  Key  to  North  American  Birds,"  etc.,  1884. 
Ridgway's  "Manual  of  North  American  Birds,"  1887. 

The  abbreviations  used  in  the  check-list  referring  to  authorities 
may  be  easily  understood  by  consulting  the  list  of  works  mentioned 
above. 

The  numbers,  classification  and  nomenclature  used  are  those  of 
the  American  Ornithologists'  Union.  For  reference  to  the  original 
description  of  genera  and  species,  as  well  as  a  detailed  statement  of 
their  distribution,  the  reader  is  directed  to  the  A.  O.  U.  check-list  of 
North  American  birds. 

Since  this  paper  was  presented  before  the  Academy  of  Science, 
several  species  have  been  added  to  the  list,  some  have  been  dropped, 
and  many  records  of  rare  or  uncommon  birds  have  been  inserted. 


EATON BIRDS    OF   WESTERN    NEW    YORK. 


MIGRATION   AND    RESIDENCE   TABLES. 

In  the  following  tables  an  'attempt  is  made  to  give  a  graphic 
presentation  of  the  times  of  occurrence  and  relative  abundance  of  the 
birds  definitely  recorded  for  this  region.  The  constant  presence  of  a 
species  is  indicated  by  a  continuous  line,  uncommon  or  occasional 
occurrence  by  a  broken  line,  and  rarity  or  accidental  occurrence  by  a 
dotted  line.  A  heavy  line  indicates  greater  abundance,  and  the  cul- 
mination and  decline  in  the  numbers  of  any  species  is  shown  by  a  cor- 
responding swelling  and  diminution  in  the  width  of  its  line. 

It  has  been  found  impossible  to  use  a  series  of  lines  which  will 
show  exactly  the  relative  abundance  of  all  species  ranging  between 
the  English  sparrow  and  the  bald  eagle  ;  but  between  birds  of  the 
same  family  or  those  of  similar  habits  comparisons  may  be  freely 
made.  It  must  also  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  lines  are  intended  to 
show  the  presence  of  birds  in  their  peculiar  habitats,  and  consequently 
some  water-fowl  of  limited  distribution  in  this  region  are  given  quite 
as  wide  lines  as  birds  of  such  universal  distribution  as  the  white- 
breasted  nuthatch  and  vesper  sparrow,  although  the  latter  are  much 
more  abundant  when  the  whole  number  of  birds  throughout  the  region 
is  taken  into  consideration. 

The  breeding  range  of  each  species  has  been  stated  as  nearly  as 
could  be  determined  by  reference  to  Dr.  Allen's  "Origin  and  Distri- 
bution of  North  American  Birds"  (Auk  10,  97-150);  Dr.  Merriam's 
publications  already  noted  ;  the  A.  O.  U.  revised  check-list ;  Chap- 
man's Handbook,  and  Coues's  Key. 

The  abbreviations  refer  to  the  Boreal,  Austral  and  Tropical 
regions  ;  to  the  Arctic,  Hudsonian,  Canadian,  Transition,  Upper 
Austral  and  Lower  Austral  Zones  ;  and  to  the  Alleghanian,  Carolinian, 
Austroriparian  and  Sonoran  faunal  areas,  recognized  by  Merriam  and 
other  writers.  Those  species  which  breed  in  all  the  regions  are  des- 
ignated as  North  American  (N.  A.  or  E. N.  A.),  and  those  which  be- 
long to  the  sea  or  seacoast  or  interior  are  also  designated  by  appro- 
priate signs  (pelag. ,  mar. ,  int. ) 

No  attempt  has  been  made  to  state  exactly  the  breeding  ranges 
of  our  birds,  but  only  to  give  a  general  idea  of  their  distribution  for 
the  benefit  of  those  who  are  studying  the  faunal  areas  represented  in 
eastern  North  America,  and  especially  in  western  New  York. 


IO 


ROCHESTER    ACADEMY    OF     SCIENCE. 


No.           COMMON  NAMES.         Range. 

JAN. 

FEB. 

MAR. 

APR. 

MAY 

JDNK 

JULY 

Aco. 

SEPT. 

OCT. 

Nov. 

DEC. 

3    Horned  grebe,                        EOT. 
6    Pied-bijled  grebe,      N.  &  8.  A. 
7    Loon,                                      ,  EOT. 
11    Red-throated  loon,               EOT. 
31     Brunnich's  murre,    Bor.  &.  Arc. 
35    Skua,                                       Arc. 
36    Pomarint  jaeger.                 Arc. 
37    Parasitic  jaeger,                    Arc. 
40    Kittiwake,                  Bor.  &  Arc. 
42    Glaucous  gull,                        Arc. 
43    Iceland  gull,                         Arc. 
47.  Gt.  black-backed  gull,          Arc. 
5!    Herring  gull,                        Bor. 

• 

• 

•    • 

—  «• 

41 
—  ^1 

» 
^-~ 

—^ 

-^^ 
•fc- 
-^B 

r^MH 

*•— 
•» 

K^MH 

84    Ring-billed  gull,                     Bor. 
60    Bonaparte's  gull,                  Bor. 
64    Caspian  tern,                       N.  A. 
70    Common  tern,                      N.  A. 
72    Roseate  tern,                        Aus. 
74    Least  tern,              Trop.  &  Aus. 
75    Sooty  tern,       Trop.  &  Au.  Rip. 
77    Black  tern,        Up.  Aus.  &  Bor. 
80    Black  skimmer,  Trop.  &  L.  Aus. 
98    Black-capped  petrel,         Pelag. 
f>9    Scaled  petrel, 
103    Wilson's  petrel,                 Prlag. 
n-i    Yellow-billed  tropic  bird,  Trop. 
ll!»    Cormorant,        Mar.  Bor.  &  Arc. 
120    Double-crested  cormorant,  Bor. 
125    American  white  pelican,      Bor. 

• 

—fi 

»*•  — 
—  «W 

—  ^BWn 

^—    i 

-      • 

•i 

—       .^M 

•B^— 

•    •  •* 

• 

—• 

• 

^    ii 

S          '           Bo 

131    Hooded  merganser,            N.  A 
•132    Mallard,             TJp.  Aus.  &  Bor 

- 

- 

-    —  « 

• 
MB—  - 
" 

- 

- 

~ 

- 

^ 

—  —  * 
^ 

• 

••—  - 
^  — 

- 

135    Gadwall,             Up  Aus  &  Bo» 

W> 

136    Widgeon,                                Bor 
137    Baldpate,                                Bor 

—  *i 

Kte— 

—  «^«— 

140    Blue-winged  teal                  Bo 

141    Cinnamon  teal.  W.  Aus.  &  Cai 
142    Shoveller,                             N.  A 
143    Pintail,                   Trans  &  Bo 

^"^ 

- 

—  ^M 

^   - 

144    Wood  duck.                          Au 

146    Redhead,                              Bo 

147    Canvasback,                            Bo 

• 

^ 

i 

l^. 

150    Ring-necked  duct.               Bo 

- 

EATON BIRDS    OF    WESTERN    NEW    YORK. 


II 


No.           COMMON  NAMES.        Range. 

JAN. 

FEB. 

MAR. 

APR. 

MAT 

JCNK 

JULY 

AUG. 

SEPT. 

OCT. 

Nov. 

DKC. 

151    American  golden-r.ye,          Bor. 

_ 

- 

I  S3    Bufflehead,                             Bor. 
154    Old  squaw.             And.  &  Arc. 

- 

-^ 

•-- 

—  < 

^B* 

160    American  eider,                   Bor. 
162    King  eider,                          Arc. 
163    American  scoter.                 Arc. 

* 
*• 

• 

^*— 

••MH^ 
• 

••u;r>    White-winged  scoter.        Had. 
166    Surf  scoter,                          Bor. 
167    Ruddy  duck,        Trop.  &  N.  A. 
172    Canada  goose,                    Bor. 
172o  Hutcbins's  goose,               Bor. 
173    Brant,                                    Bor. 
174    Black  brant,                  W.  Bor. 
180    Whistling  swan,                 Arc. 
186    Glossy  ibis,        Trop.  &  L.  A.m. 
187   White-faced  glossy  ibis.     Sun. 
190    American  bittern,  Aus.  &  Can 

- 

- 

—  «• 

-^ 
^ 

-^ 

j 

• 

- 

—•» 
-^fc" 

-^B- 

-^1 

• 

— 
— 

^•v 

*— 

- 

194    Great  blue  beron,              N  A 

196    American  egret,             L  Ana. 
201    Green  heron,                        Aua 





- 

to*    Blk.-crowned  night  heron,  Ana 
208    King  rail.                              Gar 

- 

-     - 

- 

iii    Virginia  rail,             AL  &  Can, 

214    Sora,                          Al.  &  C&a 

215    Yellow  rafl,                           Bor. 
216    Black  ran.                           Car. 

- 

- 

— 

221    American  coot,                  N.  A. 
222    Red  phalarope.                    Arc. 
223    Northern  phalarope,           Arc. 
224    Wilson's  phalarope,  Int.  Trans. 

-^ 

-     - 

- 



4»- 

• 

231    Dowitcher,                              Bor 
*38    Long-billed  dowitcher.  W.  Bor 
233    Stilt  sandpiper.                    Arc. 
«4    Knot,                                     Arc 
235    Purple  sandpiper,                Arc 
2:w    Pectoral  sandpiper.             Arc. 

- 

If 

-^^a 

m** 

• 

241    Baird's  sandpiper.                Arc. 
242    Least  sandpiper,                 Hnd 
243a  Red-backed  sandpiper.        Arc 
*i«   Semipalmated  sandpiper,  E.  Arc 

1^" 

- 

«—  —  - 

^ 

* 

247    Western  sandpiper,       W.  Arc. 
248    Sanderling,                           Arc. 
849    Marbled  godwit,                   Bor 
251    Hudsonian  godwit,               Arc 
254    Greater  yellow-legs,            Bor 

- 

• 

n^- 

12 


ROCHESTER    ACADEMY    OF    SCIENCE. 


No.           COMMON  NAMES.         Range. 

JAN. 

FEB. 

MAK. 

APR. 

HAT 

JOSE 

JCLT 

Aco. 

SEPT. 

OCT. 

Nov. 

Dsa 

255    Yellow-legs,                           Bof. 
256    Solitary  sandpiper,              Can. 
258    Willet,                               E.  Aus. 

•».- 

-- 

•—  ^ 

-^•1 
^— 

**—-  • 

262    Buff-breasted  sandpiper,    Hud. 
203    Spotted  sandpiper,            N  A. 
S64    Long-billed  curlew,      Int.  Ana. 
265    Hudsonian  curlew,              Arc. 
266    Eskimo  curlew,                   Arc. 
270    Black-bellied  plover,           Arc. 
272    American  golden  plover,    Arc. 

-  -  — 

<•• 

* 

1KB 

•IV 

«^- 

>  —  « 
—  ^ 

• 

274    Semipatmated  plover,         Arc. 
277    Piping  plover                   E.  Aus. 
280    Wilson's  plover.              L.  Aus. 
283    Turnstone,                            Arc. 
8      Bo 

• 

• 

—••• 

3t5    Passenger  pigeon,             N  A. 

- 

- 

326    Black  vulture,    Trop.  &  L.  Aus. 

- 

431    Marsh  hawk,                      N.  A. 

M2    Sharp-shinned  hawk,         N   A. 

342    Swainson's  hawk,        W.  N  A. 

347a  Am.  rough-legged  hawk,  Hud. 
349    Golden  eagle,               W.  N   A. 

- 

- 

— 

- 



— 

— 

3546  Black  gyrfalcon,                   Hud. 
356    Duck  hawk,                          N.  A. 
357    Pigeon  hawk,                        Bor. 

: 

—  — 

«B^ 

• 

- 

Amer  sparr    r  hawk. 

365    American  barn  owl,              Car. 

• 

-  - 

- 

367    Short-eared  owl  D  Aua.  &  Bor 

368    Barred  owl,                           Aus. 

370    Great  gray  owl,                   Hud. 

373    Screech  owl              Aus.  &  Can 

375    Great  horned  owl          E.  N  A 

377a  American  hawk  owl,          Hud. 
387    Yellow-billed  cuckoo,          Aus. 

• 

•    - 

EATON — BIRDS   OF   WESTERN   NEW    YORK. 


No.           COMMO.V  NAMES.        Range. 

JAN. 

FEB. 

MAE. 

APR. 

MAY 

JCTNB 

JULY 

AUG. 

SKPT. 

GOT. 

Nov. 

DEC. 

388    Black-billed  cuckoo,  Aus  &  Can. 

393    Hairy  woodpecker     Al  &  Can 

400    Arctic  3-toed  woodpecker,  Bor. 
402    Yellow-bellied  sspsucker,   Bor. 

• 

• 

~^m 

- 

- 

•- 

- 

m^*~ 

»    •    * 

417    Whip-poor-will,                   Aus. 

423    Chimney  swift,              -E.  N.  A. 

. 

438    Ruby-th.  hummingbird,  £.  N.  A. 

456    Phoebe,                     Aus.  &  Can. 

459    Olive-sided  flycatcher,        Bor. 
461    Wood  pewee,          Aus.  &  Can. 
463    Yellow-bellied  flycatcher,  Can. 
465    Green-crested  flycatcher,*   Car1 

•, 

•"• 

••••• 

•«» 

- 

•            • 

466a  Alder  flycatcher,  ,      Al.  &  Can. 

467    Least  flycatcher,'       Al.  &  Can. 

474    Horned  lark,                       Arc. 

—  —  — 

—  —  • 

•M*  - 

4 

••w 

^•laiiiana 

477    Blue  jay                         UNA 

486<*  Northern  raven,                  Bor. 
488    American  crow,                  N.  A, 

• 

" 

404    Bobolink,                                  Al. 

495    Cowbird,                               Aus. 

498    Red-winged,  blackbird,  E.  Aus. 

501    Meadow  lark,                 E.  Aus 

406    Orchard  oriole                     Car 

'          • 

'«0?  'Baltimore  oriole,             E;  Aus. 

508    Bullock's  oriole,             W.  Aus. 
609    Rusty  blackbird,                  Bor. 
5116  Bronzed  grackle,         Int.  N.  A. 

• 



*• 

- 

5U    Evening  grosbeak,       W.  Hud. 
615    Pine  grosbeak                    Hud 

• 

517    Purple  finch,              Al.  &  Can. 

" 

""" 

621    American  crossbill,              Bor 

622    White  winged  crossbill      Hud 

*     ^ 

—    -^—  • 

528    Redpoll,                                  Bor 

" 

•      — 

529    Atner.  goldfinch.  U.  Aus.  &  Can. 

m 

533    Pine  siskin,                            Bor. 
•534    Snowflake,                            Arc. 
536    Lapland  longspur.               Arc. 
640    Vesper  sparrow,  U.  Aus.  &  Can. 

mm*m 

mmmm. 

—  -~*** 

^•••B 

«42o  Savanna  sparrow,  U.  Ans.  &  Bor. 

S46    Grasshopper  sparrow,         Car. 

_._ 

- 

ROCHESTER    ACADEMY    OF    SCIENCE. 


No. 


COMMON  NAMES.         Range.    JAN. 


547  Henslow's  sparrow,      Up.  Aus. 

548  Leconte's  sparrow,       Int.  Aus. 
549'  Nelson's  sparrow,  Int.  Up.  Aus. 
649U  Acadian  sparrow,         Mar.  Can. 
654  White-crowned  sparrow,  Hud. 
558  White-throated  sparrow,    Bor. 
659  Tree  sparrow,                     Hud. 
560  Chipping  sparrow.         E.  N.  A. 
563  Field  sparrow,         E.  Up.  Aus. 
567  Slate-colored  junco,         E.  Bor. 
53 1  Song  sparrow,  E.  U.  A  us.  &  Can. 

583  Lincoln's  sparrow,     Al.  &  Bor. 

584  Swamp  sparrow,        Al.  &  Bor. 

585  Fox  sparrow,  Hud. 
687  Towtiee,                              K.  Aus. 
593  Cardinal,                               Car. 
595  Rose-breasted  grosbeak,       Al. 
598  Indigo  bunting,                E.  Aus 
608  Scarlet  tanager,  E.  Aus.  &  Can 

611  Purple  martin,  Aus 

612  Cliff  swallow, 

613  Barn  swallow, 

614  Tree  swallow, 
616  Bank  swallow, 

6)7  Rough-winged  swallow, 

618  Bohemian  waxwing, 

619  Cedar  waxwing, 
621  Northern  shrike, 


N.  A 
N.  A 
N.  A 
N.  A 
Car 
Bor 

Al.  &  Can 
Hud 

622  Loggerhead  shrike,  E.  Aus 
622a  White-rumped  shrike,  Int.  Aus 
624  Red-eyed  vireo,  Aus.  &  Can 
026  Philadelphia  vireo,  Bor 

627  Warbling  vireo,  N.  A 

628  Yellow-th'd  vireo,    Aus.  &  Can. 

629  Blue-beaded  vireo,     Al.  &  Can 
6296  Plumbeous  vireo,      Rocky  Mta 
631    White-eyed  vireo,  Car 
636    Black  and  white  warbler,  N.  A 
639    Worm-eating  warbler,        Ca 

641  Blue-winged  warbler,          Car 

642  Golden-winged  warbler,        A 

645  Nashville  warbler,      Al.  &£a 

646  Orange-crown'dwarbler.W.Bor 
C47    Tennessee  warbler,         E.  Bor 
848o  Nor.  parula  warbler,      Up.  Au 
C50    Cape  May  warbler,          E.  Bor 
052    Yellow  warbler,  N.  A 

654  Black-th'd  blue  warbler,  E.  Can 

655  Myrtle  warbler,  E.  Bo 
657    Magnolia  warbler,           E.  Can 


EATON BIRDS    OF    WESTERN    NEW    YORK. 


No.           COMMON  NAMES.        Range. 

JAN. 

FEB. 

MAK. 

APR. 

MAT 

JUNE 

JULY 

Aco. 

SEPT. 

OCT. 

Nov. 

DEC. 

658    Cerulean  warbler                 Car. 

659    Chestnut-sided  warbler.     Can. 

«60    Bay-breasted  warbler.    E.  Bor. 
661    Black-poll  warbler,         E.  Bor. 

— 

»- 

—  1» 

•,. 

667    Black-tb'd  green  warbler  Can 

671    Pine  warbler.                  E.  A  as. 
678    Palm  warbler,                W.  Bor. 
672o  Yellow  palm  warbler,     E.  Bor. 
673    Prairie  warbler,                   Car. 
C74    Oven-bird,     E.  Up.  Aug.  &  Can. 

-^ 

—— 

- 

- 

675    Water-thrush,                   E.  Bor. 

- 

- 

- 

* 

^—  »—  - 

677    Kentucky  warbler.               Car. 

- 

- 

C79    Mourning  warbler,    AI.  &  Can 

6S1    Maryl'd  yet.  -throat,  E.  Au«.  i  Can. 

683    Yellow-breasted  chat,         Car. 
684    Hooded  warbler.                  Car 

-- 



— 

G85    Wilson's  warbler,                 Bor. 
68C    Canadian  warbler,           E  Can 



.- 

687    Amer.  redstart,    U.  Aus.  &  Can. 

697    American  pipit,                    Are. 
703    Mockingbird.                   L.  Aus. 
704    Catbird,                    Aus.  &  Can 

•—  —  . 

— 

- 

- 

- 

-^V*. 

•- 

705    Brown  thrasher               E  Aus 

718    Carolina  wren.                     Oar 

721    House  wren,                    E.  Aus. 

722    Winter  wren,                   E.  Bor. 
724    Short  billed  marsh  wren,  E.Au 

•  <«•••• 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-    - 

"—  - 

- 

725    Long-billed  marsh  wren,  E.  Au 

726    Brown  creeper                E.  Bo 

727    White-breasted  nuthatch    Au 

728    Red-breasted  nuthatch       Can 

720    Brown  headed  nuthatch,  L.  Au 
731    Tufted  titmouse.                  Ca 
735    Chickadee     E  Up  Aus  &  Cat 

- 

- 

748    Golden-crowned  kinglet      Bo 

749    Ruby-crowned  kinglet,        Bo 
761    Blue-gray  gnatcatcher,        Ca 
755    Wood  thrush                 E  An 

—  - 

— 

-       - 

- 

• 

—  — 

756    Wilson's  thrush    Al  &  E  Ca 

757    Gray-cheeked  thrush,          Bo 
758o  Olive-backed  thrush.           Bo 
7596  Hermit  thrush.                     Bo 

-^ 

«•••» 
-^•M 

• 

- 

W 

_M 

U^» 

^English  sparrow. 
Mongolian  pheasant 

- 

- 

- 

- 

" 

- 

- 

- 

- 

* 

r 

- 

16  ROCHESTER    ACADEMY    OF   SCIENCE. 

ANNOTATED   CHECK    LIST. 
Order  PYGOPODES.     Diving  Birds. 

Family  PODICIPIDAE.     Grebes. 

2.  Colymbus  holboellii     (Reinh.)     Holboell's  grebe. 
Transient  and  winter  visitant  ;    uncommon.     Oct.    20 — May   4. 

Has  been  taken  at  Murray,  Wilson,  Buffalo,  Springville,  Branchport, 
Penn  Yan,  Canandaigua,  Cayuga  Lake  and  Utica.  The  last  record, 
Canandaigua  Lake,  Oct.  20,  1900. 

3.  Colymbus  auritus     Linn.     Horned  grebe. 

Transient  visitant;  common,  especially  in  the  spring.  April  i — 
May  15,  Oct.  i — Nov.  20.  Occasional  winter  visitant.  Found  on 
lakes  and  ponds. 

6.  Podilymbus  podiceps.     (Linn.)     Pied-billed     grebe. 
Summer  resident  ;    uncommon.     April  4 — Nov.    18.     Common 

transient  visitant.  Breeds  on  the  weedy  margins  of  secluded  ponds 
and  streams. 

Family  G  AVI  I  DAE.       Loons. 

7.  Gavia  imber     (Gunn. )     Loon. 

Transient  visitant  ;  common.     April  i — May  30,  Sept.  15 — Dec. 

10.  Occasional  winter  visitant.      Found  on  lakes,   ponds  and  rivers. 
Often  seen  migrating  by  day,  singly  or  in  small  companies. 

11.  Gavia  lumme   (Gunn.)     Red-throated  loon. 

Winter  visitant  ;  uncommon.  Nov. — May.  Has  been  taken  on 
Niagara  River,  Lakes  Erie,  Ontario,  Keuka,  Owasco,  Onondaga  and 
Oneida.  Last  record,  Canandaigua  Lake,  April  20,  1899. 

Family  ALCIDAE.        Auks,  murres  and  puffins. 
31.     Uria  lomvia     (Linn.)     Briinnich's  murre. 

Occasional  winter  visitant  from  the  North  Atlantic  coast.  Form- 
erly this  bird  was  unknown  here,  but  in  recent  years  has  been  taken  in 
considerable  numbers.  Mcllwraith  records  nearly  fifty  captured  in 
the  Province  of  Ontario  during  the  fall  and  winter  of  1893.  The 
following  Western  New  York  records  are  worthy  of  note  :  Buffalo, 
several  taken  during  Nov.  and  Dec.,  1894 — James  Savage.  Boone- 
ville,  Dec.  15,  1894  ;  Utica,  Dec.  24,  1894 — Auk  12,  177.  Johns- 


EATON — BIRDS    OF    WESTERN    NEW    YORK.  17 

town,  winter  '94— '95 — Auk  12,  290.  Seneca  Lake,  Dec.  23,  1895  '> 
May,  1896  ;  numbers,  winter  of  1896 — Auk  14,  202.  Penn  Yan, 
Dec.  20,  1896 — Verdi  Burtch.  Murray,  Mar.,  1897,  and  Kendall — 
Auk  1 6,  193.  Canandaigua,  Dec.  20,  1897.  Cayuga  Lake,  winter 
of  1899.  Rochester,  Nov.  27 — Dec.  2,  1900,  four  birds  were  captured 
near  Cranberry  Pond. 

Order  LONGIPENNES.     Long -winged  swimmers. 
Family  STERCORARIIDAE.     Skuas  and. jaegers. 

35.  Megalestris  skua.     (Briinn. )    Skua. 

Accidental  visitant.      Niagara   River  spring  of   1886 — Auk  6, 
331  ;  and  Berg.  p.  3. 

36.  Stercorarius  pomarinus     (Temm.)     Pomarine  jaeger. 
Transient  visitant;  very  rare.    Buffalo,  two  records — James  Savage. 

37.  Stercorarius  parasiticus     (Linn.)     Parasitic  jaeger. 
Transient  visitant;  very  rare.    Buffalo,  one  record — James  Savage. 
Mouth  of  Niagara  River,  Sept..  1897 — Harry  Lansing. 

Family  L  A  R I D  A E.     Gulls  and  terns. 
40.     Rissa  tridactyla     (Linn.)     Kittiwake. 

Winter  visitant  ;  rare.  Seneca  Lake, — Aub.  p.  41.  Oneida 
Lake,  Nov.  9,  1890 — Auk  n,  162.  Buffalo,  (<  tolerably  common 
migrant" — Berg.  p.  3. 

42.  Larus  glaucus     Briinn.     Glaucous  gull. 

Winter  visitant  ;  rare.      Buffalo,  Jan.  29,  1895 — Auk    12,  312. 

43.  Larus  leucopterus     Faber  Iceland  gull. 

Winter  visitant  ;  rare.  Cayuga  Lake,  winter  of  1896-7 — L.  A. 
Fuertes.  Peterboro,  Feb.  i,  1884 — Auk  i,  240. 

47.     Larus  marinus     Linn.     Great  black-backed  gull. 

Winter  visitant  ;  occasional.  Lewiston,  Feb.  i,  1886 — J.  L. 
Davison.  Buffalo,  Jan.  and  Feb.,  1895 — Jas.  Savage.  Branchport, 
April  1 8,  1898 — C.  F.  Stone.  Brockport — Short,  p.  5. 

51.     Larus  argentatus     Briinn.     Herring  gull. 

Specimens  answering  the  description  of  this  species  are  occasion- 
ally captured  on  the  lakes.  I  have  examined  one  bird  from  Lake 
Ontario  which  was  decidedly  argentatus  and  have  seen  several  which 
intergrade  between  this  species  and  the  following. 

2,  PROC.  ROCH.  ACAD.  Sci.,  VOL.  4,  JANUARY  30,  IQOI. 


1 8  ROCHESTER    ACADEMY    OF    SCIENCE. 

51^.      Larus  argentatus  smithsonianus     Coues     American    her- 
ring gull. 

Winter  visitant  ;  abundant  in  the  spring  and  fall  ;  common  in 
winter;  Aug.  i3~May  20.  Migrates  by  day,  usually  in  small  com- 
panies, high  in  air.  Often  taken  on  the  smaller  inland  ponds  and 
streams. 

54.     Larus  delawarensis     Ord     Ring-billed  gull. 

Transient    visitant  ;    occasional.       Seneca    Lake — Aub.     p.     41 
"Occasional  migrant" — Short,  p.  5.    Branchport,  spring  of  1894 — Auk 
1 6,  284.      Canandaigua,  Oct.  20,  1898. 

58.     Larus  atricilla     Linn.     Laughing  gull. 

Accidental  visitant.      Buffalo, — Berg.  p.  3. 
60.     Larus  Philadelphia     (Ord)     Bonaparte's  gull. 

Transient  visitant  ;  fairly  common.  April  10 — June  10,  Sept.  i 
— Nov.  20.  Found  on  lakes,  ponds  and  rivers.  Sometimes  seen 
coursing  over  plowed  fields. 

64.    Sterna  caspia     Pallas     Caspian  tern. 

Transient  visitant  ;  rather  rare.  Kendall,  Sept.,  1890 — Auk  16, 
193.  Buffalo,  late  fall,  1893 — Auk  12,  313.  Canandaigua,  April  28, 
1895,  3  specimens.  Buffalo,  Sept.  20,  1899 — Edward  Reinecke. 

70.  Sterna  hirundo     Linn.     Common  tern. 

Transient  visitant  ;  fairly  common.  May — June;  Aug. — Oct.  10. 
Occasional  in  summer.  Breeds  near  Buffalo — Ottomar  Reinecke. 

71.  Sterna  paradisaea     Briinn.     Arctic  tern. 
Accidental  visitant.     Buffalo — Berg.  p.  3. 

72.  Sterna  dougalli     Montag.     Roseate  tern. 

Summer  visitant  ;  accidental.  Youngstown,  Niagara  River,  May 
31,  1886 — J.  L.'Davison.  Penn  Yan, — Aub.  p.  41. 

74.  Sterna  antillarum     (Less.)     Least  tern. 

Transient  visitant;  occasional.  Branchport,  Sept.  6— n,  1896, 
Auk  1 6,  284  ;  also  Aug.  27 — Sept.  8,  1899 — Clarence  F.  Stone.  New 
Hartford,  Oneida  Co. — R.  £  B.,  p.  104.  Cayuga  Lake — Aub.  p.  41. 
Buffalo, — Berg.  p.  4. 

75.  Sterna  fuliginosa     Gmel.     Sooty  tern. 

Accidental  visitant.     Owasco  Lake,  Sept.  20,  1875 — Aub.  p.  41. 


EATON BIRDS   OF   WESTERN    NEW   YORK.  19 

77.     Hydrochelidon   nigra  surinamensis   (Gmel.)    Black   tern. 
Transient  visitant  ;  fairly  common  ;  frequently  seen  in  summer. 
April    28 — Sept.  20.     Said  to  breed  on  the  northern  shore  of  Lake 
Ontario.     Found  on  lakes,  ponds  and  rivers. 

Family  RYNCHOPIDAE.     Skimmers, 

80.     Rynchops  nigra     Linn.     Black  Skimmer. 

Accidental  visitant.     Whitestown,  Oneida  County,  fall  of  1893 — 
Auk  n,  162. 


Order  TU  BIN  A  RES.      Tube-nosed  swimmers. 
Family  PROCE  LL  AR 1 1  DAE.     Fulmars  and  shearwaters. 

98.  Aestrelata  hasitata    (Kuhl)    Black  capped  petrel. 
Accidental  visitant.     Oneida  Lake,   Aug.  28,  1893 — Auk  n,  162. 

99.  Aestrelata  scalaris     Brewst.     Scaled  petrel. 

Accidental  visitant.  The  type  and  only  specimen  of  this  bird 
was  taken  at  Mt.  Morris  during  the  first  week  in  April,  1880.  Bui. 
Nutt.  Orn.  Club,  6,  91-97.  Also  Auk  n,  389-393.  Also  Farr,p.  219. 

109.     Oceanites  oceanicus  (Kuhl)     Wilson's_petrel. 

Accidental  visitant.  Lockport,  Oct.,  1875 — Auk  i,  294.  Also 
Dav.  No.  12. 

Order  STEGANOPODES.     Totipalmate  swimmers. 
Family  PHAETHONTIDAE.     Tropic  birds. 

112.     Phaethon  americanus     Grant    Yellow-billed  tropic  bird. 

Accidental  visitant  from  the  tropical  seas.  Knowlesville,  Sept. , 
1876 — Langille,  p.  615.  Also  Bui.  Nutt.  Orn.  Club,  5,  63.  Also 
Short,  p.  6.  Also  Farr,  p.  219. 

Family  PHALACROCORACIDAE.     Cormorants. 

119.     Phalacrocorax  carbo  (Linn.)     Cormorant. 

Transient  visitant ;  rare.  Niagara  River — Berg.  p.  4.  Oneida 
Lake,  Nov.  15,  1877 — Aub.  p.  40.  Onondaga  Lake,  1883— A.  W, 
Perrior.  Oneida  Lake,  1890 — Egbert  Bagg. 


20  ROCHESTER    ACADEMY    OF    SCIENCE. 

120.     Phalacrocorax  dilophus    (Swain.)     Double-crested  cormo- 
rant. 

Transient  visitant  ;  uncommon.  Aug.  14 — Nov.  30.  Has  been 
taken  near  -Buffalo,  Branchport,  Syracuse  and  Naples.  Last  record, 
Canandaigua,  Nov.  7,  1899. 

Family  PELECANIDAE.      Pelicans. 

125.      Pelecanus  erythrorhynchos     Gmel.     American  white  peli- 
can. 

Transient  visitant  ;  very  rare.  Buffalo,  Oct.  5,  1894 — Auk  12, 
3 i 3- 

Order  ANSERES.       Lamellirostral  swimmers. 

Family  AN  ATI  DAE.       Ducks,  geese  and  swans. 

129.  Merganser  americanus  (Cass.)     American  merganser. 
Winter   visitant  ;    common.       Oct.    20 — Apr.    20.       Occasional 

summer  resident.  Found  on  lakes  and  rivers.  Breeds  near  Buffalo, 
nest  in  hollow  tree — Ottomar  Reinecke  ;  also  at  "  Blind  Sodus  Bay" 
— Aub.  p.  40. 

130.  Merganser    serrator     (Linn.)       Red-breasted     merganser. 
Winter    visitant  :    fairly    common.      Common    transient   visitant. 

Oct.  10 — Apr.  30.      Found  on  lakes  and  ponds. 

131.  Lophodytes  cucullatus  (Linn.)     Hooded  merganser. 
Transient  visitant  ;  fairly  common.      March  20 — May  i  ;   Oct.   15 

— Nov.  25.  Occasional  summer  resident.  Rare  in  winter.  Found 
along  swampy  streams,  ponds  and  bays. 

132.  Anas  boschas     Linn.     Mallard. 

Transient  visitant  ;  fairly  common.  March  15 — April  30  ;  Oct.  I 
— Nov.  20.  Occasionally  met  with  both  in  summer  and  midwinter. 
Found  along  swamps,  streams  and  lakes.  Often  alights  in  dry  fields 
and  oak  groves  to  feed.  Breeds,  West  Barre,  May  10,  1899 — James 
Savage. 

133.  Anas  obscura     Gmel.     Black  duck. 

Transient  visitant  ;  common.  Winter  visitant  ;  fairly  common. 
Summer  resident  ;  occasional.  By  far  the  commonest  of  the  river 
ducks  on  Canandaigua  Lake,  remaining  in  considerable  numbers 
through  the  coldest  weather.  Breeds  in  Tonawanda  Swamp,  Monte- 
zuma  Marshes,  West  Barre  and  Niagara  River. 


EATON — BIRDS    OF    WESTERN    NEW    YORK.  21 

135.  Chaulelasmus  streperus     (Linn.)     Gadwall. 

Transient  visitant  ;  less  common  than  the  mallard.  March  20 — 
April  30  ;  Sept.  20 — Nov.  i.  More  confined  to  the  marshes  than 
either  the  mallard  or  black  duck. 

136.  Mareca  penelope    (Linn.)     Widgeon. 

Accidental  visitant.  Keuka  Lake,  March  25,  1899  —  C.  F. 
Stone. 

137.  Mareca  americana     (Gmel.)     Baldpate. 

Transient  visitant;  fairly  common.  March  20 — April  25;  Sept. 
20 — Nov.  10.  Frequents  the  marshes  and  shallow  bays. 

139.  Nettion  carolinensis  (Gmel.)    Green-winged  teal. 
Transient  visitant;     fairly    common.     April;  Sept. — Oct.     Rare 

winter  visitant.       Said  to  have  bred  near  Buffalo — Berg.  p.  4.    Found 
on  marshy  lakes,  ponds  and  streams. 

140.  Querquedula  discors     (Linn. )     Blue-winged  teal. 
Transient  visitant;    fairly   common.    April;    Sept. — Oct.    A   rare 

summer  resident.      Found  along  the  lakes,  bays  and  streams. 

141.  Querquedula  cyanoptera     (Vieill. )     Cinnamon  Teal. 
Accidental  visitant.     Mr.  James  Flahive  of  Penn  Yan  has  in  his 

collection  a  fine  specimen  of  this  bird,  which  was  killed  in  Yates  County 
on  Seneca  Lake  in  April,  1886. 

142.  Spatula  clypeata  (Linn. )     Shoveller. 

Transient  visitant;  not  common.  April;  Oct. — Nov.  Found  on 
marshy  streams  and  lakes. 

143.  Dafila  acuta  (Linn.)    Pintail. 

Transient  visitant;  common  in  the  spring.  March  15 — April  15. 
Much  less  abundant  in  the  fall,  Sept.  25 — Nov.  15.  Frequents  the 
flooded  swamps,  marshy  streams  and  lakes. 

144.  Aix  sponsa  (Linn. )     Wood  duck. 

Summer  resident;  fairly  common.  March  30 — Nov.  15.  Found 
on  secluded,  marshy  streams  and  ponds.  Less  common  than  formerly 
on  account  of  the  destruction  of  its  nesting  sites. 

146.     Ay  thy  a  americana  (Eyt.)     Redhead. 

Transient  visitant  ;  common.  Sept.  25 — Nov.  25;  Mar.  20 — April 
30.  Occasional  winter  visitant.  Found  on  the  lakes  and  larger  ponds. 


22  ROCHESTER    ACADEMY    OF    SCIENCE. 

147.  Aythya   vallisneria  (Wils.)     Canvasback. 

Transient  and  winter  visitant;  occasional.  Fairly  common  on 
the  smaller  lakes  during  the  winters  of  1896 — 97,  1897 — 98,  1898 — 99. 
Nov.  15 — March  20. 

148.  Aythya  marila  (Linn.)     American  scaup  duck. 
Transient  visitant;  common.     Not  uncommon  in  winter,  Oct.  i — 

April  25.      Found  on  all  our  larger  bodies  of  water.     Called  ''Lake 
Bluebill." 

149.  Aythya  affinis  (Eyt.)     Lesser  scaup  duck. 

Transient  visitant;  common.  March  20 — May  20;  Oct.  i — Nov. 
20.  Often  taken  in  winter  and  a  few  remain  through  the  summer. 
Found  on  lakes,  ponds  and  streams.  Called  "Marsh  bluebill"  and 
"Creek  bluebill." 

150.  Aythya  collaris    (Donov.)     Ring-necked  duck. 
Transient  visitant;  uncommon.      I  have  never  taken  it.      "Com- 
mon on  Lake  Ontario" — Short,  p.   7.       Buffalo  "Tolerably    common 
migrant" — Berg.  p.  5.      Elmira,  "to  be  met  with  at  most  all  seasons  " 
— Gregg  No.  186. 

151-     Clangula  clangula  americana      Faxon    American  golden- 
eye. 

Winter  visitant  ;  common.  Nov.  i — April  25.  Found  on  all  our 
lakes.  Called  "Whistler." 

153.  Charitonetta  albeola  (Linn.)     Buffle-head. 

Transient  visitant;  common.  Oct.  10 — Nov.  25;  April  10 — May 
20.  Frequently  taken  in  midwinter.  Found  on  all  lakes  and  ponds. 
Called  "Butterball." 

154.  Harelda  hyemalis  (Linn.)     Old-squaw. 

Transient  visitant;  common  on  lakes  and  ponds.  Oct.  15 — 
Nov.  20;  April  i — 25.  Common  on  Niagara  River  in  winter,  and 
abundant  in  migration.  Called  '  'Coween. ' ' 

155.  Histrionicus  histrionicus  (Linn.)     Harlequin  duck. 
Accidental  visitant.     Buffalo, — Berg,  p.  5. 

1 60.     Somateria  dressed     Sharpe     American  eider. 

Winter  visitant  ;  rare.  Branchport,  Feb.,  1873 — Aub.  p.  39. 
Buffalo,  "occasional  winter  visitant" — Ottomar  Reinecke. 


EATON BIRDS    OF    WESTERN    NEW    YORK.  23 

162.  Somateria  spectabilis  (Linn.)     King  eider. 

Winter  visitant;  occasional.  In  November  and  December,  1877, 
was  quite  common  near  Buffalo — Auk,  1880,  p.  62.  Has  been  taken 
several  times  on  Oneida  Lake — See  R.  &  B.  p.  108.  Also  on  Cayuga 
Lake — L.  A.  Fuertes. 

163.  Oidemia  americana     Swains.     American  scoter. 
Transient  and  winter  visitant  ;  fairly  common.       Rarely  seen    in 

spring  (May) ;  most  common  in  October.     Found  on  the  lakes. 

165.  Oidemia  deglandi     Bonap.     White- winged  scoter. 
Transient  visitant;  common  for  a  short  time  in  May  and  October. 

Found  on  the  lakes. 

1 66.  Oidemia  perspicillata  (Linn.)     Surf  scoter. 

Transient  visitant;  common  in  autumn.  Oct.  i — Nov.  10.  Old 
birds  are  of  rare  occurrence.  Uncommon  in  the  spring.  Found  on 
the  lakes,  rarely  on  small  ponds. 

167.  Erismatura  jamaicensis  (Gmel.)     Ruddy  duck. 
Transient  visitant ;  fairly  common.     March  25. — April  20;  Sept. 

25. — Oct.  30.  Much  more  common  in  the  fall  than  in  the  spring. 
Frequents  the  lakes  and  bays,  but  sometimes  found  on  the  smaller 
ponds. 

1693.     Chen  hyperborea  nivalis  (Forst. )     Greater  snow  goose. 

Winter  visitant  ;    rare.    Chautauqua  Lake, — See  Bui.  Buf.  Soc. 
Nat.   Sci.,  Vol.  4,  page  34.     Buffalo,  "  occasional  winter  visitor" 
Berg.  p.  6. 

i7ia.     Anser  albifrons  gambeli  (Haiti.)     American  white-fronted 
goose. 

Chautauqua  Lake, — See  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  Vol.  4,  page 34. 

172.     Branta  canadensis  (Linn.)     Canada  goose. 

Transient  visitant  ;  common.  Mar.  10. — April  25  ;  Oct.  i. — Nov. 
30.  Sometimes  seen  in  Dec.  and  Jan.  Frequents  our  larger  bodies 
of  water,  visiting  meadows  and  wheatfields  to  feed. 

1723.     Branta  canadensis  hutchinsii  (Rich.)     Hutchins's  goose. 
Transient  visitant;    rarely  captured.      Gaines,    1888 — Auk.    16, 
P-  93- 


24  ROCHESTER    ACADEMY    OF    SCIENCE. 

173.  Branta  bernicla  (Linn.)     Brant. 

Transient  visitant  ;  rare.  Cayuga  Lake,  Dec.,  1877,  and  Nov. 
26,  1878 — Aub.  p.  36. 

174.  Branta  nigricans  (Lawr.)     Black  brant. 

Transient  visitant  ;  rare.  Oneida  Lake,  Lewis  Point,  Oct.  30, 
1891 — Egbert  Bagg. 

1 80.  Olor  columbianus  (Ord)     Whistling  swan. 

Transient  visitant  ;  occasional.  Has  been  taken  near  Buffalo, 
Lewiston,  Medina,  Oneida  Lake  and  Utica.  "Nearly  every  season 
a  number  of  this  species  are  taken  in  a  wounded  condition  in  Niagara 
River  below  the  falls" — Dav.  No.  36.  Last  record,  Honeoye  Lake, 
Apr.,  1898,  3  birds  observed. 

181.  Olor  buccinator   (Rich.)     Trumpeter  swan. 

Accidental  visitant.  Cayuga  Lake — Aub.  p.  36.  Buffalo,  "Acci- 
dental—  Chas.  Linden  ' '  — Berg.  p.  6. 

Order  HERODIONES  Herons,  ibises,  etc. 

Family  IBIDIDAE.  Ibises. 

186.  Plegadis  autumnalis  (Hasselq.)     Glossy  ibis. 

Summer  visitant  ;  very  rare.  Dunkirk,  April,  1894 — Auk  12, 
393.  Tonawanda  Swamp,  May,  1884 — Auk  16,  193. 

187.  Plegadis  guarauna  (Linn.)     White-faced  glossy  ibis. 
Accidental  visitant.      Niagara  River,  Aug.,  1884  ; — 3d  ann.  rept. 

N.  Y.  state  museum,  p.  22;  also  Auk  4,  253. 

Family  AR  DEI  DAE  Herons,  bitterns,  etc. 

190.  Botaurus  lentiginosus  (Montag. )     American  bittern. 
Summer  resident  ;  fairly  common.     April  18 — Nov.  10.      Found 

in  swamps  and  marshes,  more  generally  distributed  than  the  least 
bittern.  Breeds  in  secluded  grassy  marshes  ;  May  15 — June  10  ; 
eggs  3-5- 

191.  Ardetta  exilis  (Gmel.)     Least  bittern. 

Summer  resident ;  fairly  common  in  grassy  marshes.  May  15 — 
Sept.  15.  Nest  built  of  dead  grass  among  sedges  growing  in  shallow 
water  ;  June  10-25  I  eggs  3'5- 


EATON — BIRDS    OF    WESTERN    NEW    YORK.  25 

194.     Ardea  herodias     Linn.     Great  blue  heron. 

Transient  visitant  ;  fairly  common.  March  30 — April  25;  Aug.  i 
— Nov.  10.  Locally  a  summer  resident.  The  most  noted  breeding 
colonies  are  at  Oneida  Lake,  Potter  Swamp,  Seneca  River,  Tonawan- 
da  Swamp,  Lime  Lake  and  Conewango  Swamp. 

196.  Ardea  egretta     Gmel.     American  egret. 

Summer  visitant;  uncommon.  Usually  taken  late  in  summer. 
The  following  records  are  of  interest;  Penn  Yan  in  the  spring — Aub. 
p.  34.  Medina — Short,  p.  8.  Springville,  Aug.  10,  1881,  young  bird, 
two  others  seen.  Kent,  Orleans  Co. ,  July  27,  1883 — Auk,  16,  193, 
three  specimens;  cf.  Forest  and  Stream  24,  204.  Herkimer  in  the 
spring  of  1882,  one  taken  and  six  seen;  also  at  Deerfield  and  Marcy, 
1889 — Egbert  Bagg.  Olcott,  Aug.  18,  1886 — Auk  4,  159.  Baldwins- 
ville,  Sept.  1895;  also  Skaneateles,  Sept.  1895,  adult — A.  W.  Perrior. 
Newark  Valley,  June  I,  1896 — G.  B.  Sutton. 

197.  Ardea  candissima.     Gmel.     Snowy  heron. 
Buffalo,  "accidental — Otto  Besser" — Berg.  p.  6. 

201.  Ardea  virescens     Linn.     Green  heron. 

Summer  resident;  fairly  common.  May  3  —  Sept.  28.  Found 
along  streams  and  the  borders  of  ponds.  Nest  in  a  low  tree,  May  15 
—June  20;  eggs  3-5. 

202.  Nycticorax  nycticorax  naevius   (Bodd.)     Black-crowned 
night  heron. 

Transient  visitant;  rather  uncommon,  but  of  regular  occurrence  in 
the  fall.  Last  records  :  Canandaigua,  Sept.  30,  1899.  Rochester, 
Sept.  1900.  Ithaca,  "regular  spring  and  fall  visitant"  -  L.  A. 
Fuertes. 

203.  Nycticorax  violaceus  (Linn. )    Yellow-crowned  night  heron. 
Accidental  visitant.     Buffalo, — Berg.  p.  7. 

Order  PALUDICOLAE.          Cranes,  rails,  etc. 

Family  GRUIDAE.    Cranes. 

204.  Grus  americana  (Linn.)     Whooping  crane. 

Formerly  transient  visitant.  Several  years  ago  a  specimen  was 
killed  on  Cayuga  Lake — Frank  A.  Ward. 

206.     Grus  mexicana  (Mull.)     Sandhill  Crane. 

Formerly  transient  visitant.     Buffalo, — Berg.  p.  7. 


20  ROCHESTER    ACADEMY    OF    SCIENCE. 

Family  R  ALL  I  DAE.  Rails,  gallinules  and  coots. 

208.     Rallus  elegans    Aud.     King  rail. 

Summer  resident;  rather  rare.  Carlton,  Aug.,  1880 — Langille, 
p.  400.  Canandaigua,  Oct.,  1894.  Springville,  Sept.,  1898,  two  seen 
and  one  captured.  Mr.  Ottomar  Reinecke  of  Buffalo  reports  taking  a 
fully  formed  egg  from  a  bird  killed  there  several  years  ago;  and  his 
son  Edward  took  a  set  of  ten  eggs  of  this  species  near  Buffalo,  May  30, 
1894. 

211.  Rallus  crepitans     Gmel.     Clapper  rail. 

Accidental  visitant.  Two  instances  near  Syracuse,  J.  A.  Dakin, 
per  A.  W.  Perrior.  Perhaps  R.  elegans  was  mistaken  for  this 
species. 

212.  Rallus  virginianus     Linn.     Virginia  rail. 

Summer  resident;  fairly  common.  April  20 — Oct.  10.  Frequents 
grassy  swamps  and  margins  of  streams.  Nest,  in  a  swamp,  concealed 
in  the  grass  or  under  a  brush  pile;  May  10 — June  20;  eggs  8-12. 

214.  Porzana  Carolina  (Linn.)     Sora. 

Summer  resident;  common  in  grassy  swamps  and  marshes.  April 
25 — Oct.  1 8.  Nest,  a  bunch  of  dead  flags  carefully  concealed  in  the 
dense  sedge-grass;  May  26 — June  15;  eggs  6-n. 

215.  Porzana  noveboracensis  (Gmel. )     Yellow  rail. 
Transient  visitant;  rather  uncommon.      Usually  taken  in  the  fall. 

Sept.  i — Oct.  15.  Reported  from  Buffalo,  Brockport,  Murray,  Penn 
Yan,  Dresden,  Utica  and  Rochester.  Canandaigua,  Oct.  4,  1894  ; 
also  Sept.  i,  1896.  Spring  record:  Murray,  Apr.  21,  1894 — Auk  16, 
194. 

216.  Porzana  jamaicensis  (Gmel. )     Black  rail. 

Summer  visitant;  very  rare.  Two  instances  recorded  in  the  Au- 
burnlist,  p.  35;  Penn  Yan,  1870;  Watkins,  spring  of  1872.  Thesecond 
specimen  is  in  the  John  B.  Gilbert  collection  at  Elmira  College. 

218.     lonornis  martinica  (Linn.)    Purple  gallinule. 

Summer  visitant  ;  accidental.  A  bird  of  this  species  was  cap- 
tured some  years  ago  by  the  Haight  brothers  near  East  Homer — 
G.  B.  Sutton. 


EATON BIRDS    OF   WESTERN    NEW    YORK.  27 

219.     Gallinula  galeata  (Licht.)     Florida  gallinule. 

Summer  resident;  common  in  the  large  reed-covered  marshes. 
April  28 — Oct.  25.  Nest,  a  heap  of  dead  weeds  and  flags,  in  or  near 
the  water,  concealed  among  thick  grass;  May  15 — June  20;  eggs,  10 
—14.  Commonly  called  "mudhen." 

221.  Fulica  americana     Gmel.     American  coot. 

Transient  visitant;  fairly  common  in  the  fall,  less  so  in  the  spring. 
April  25 — May  20;  Sept.  10 — Nov.  5.  Found  along  reedy  streams 
and  marshy  shores,  usually  swimming  like  a  duck.  Said  to  breed  in 
the  Montezuma  marshes  and  along  the  shore  of  Lake  Ontario.  Also 
called  "mud  hen." 

Order  LIMICOLAE.     Shore  birds. 
Family  PHALAROPODIDAE.     Phalaropes. 

222.  Crymophilus  fulicarius  (Linn. )  Red  phalarope. 
Transient  visitant;  rare.   Buffalo,  Sept.  26,  1894;  and  Oct.,  1892 

— Auk  12,  313.     Oneida  Lake,  Oct.  4,  1889 — Auk  7,  229.  Penn  Yan 
—James  Flahive. 

223.  Phalaropus  lobatus  (Linn.)     Northern  phalarope. 
Transient  visitant;  rather  uncommon.    Has  been  captured  at  Buf- 
falo, Baldwinsville,    Onondaga  Lake,   Westmoreland,    Oneida    Lake, 
Owasco  Lake,  and  Penn  Yan.     Last  record  :    Branchport,   May    16, 
1895 — Auk  1 6,  285. 

224.  Steganopus  tricolor   Vieill.   Wilson's  phalarope. 
Transient  visitant;  rare.    Ithaca,  fall,  1892 — L.  A.  Fuertes.   Onon- 
daga Lake,  Sept.  2,  1886— C.  P.  L.  Noxon.     Oneida  Lake,   Oct.  6, 
1883 — R.  &  B.  p.  112.     Penn  Yan — Aub.  p.  30. 

Family  RECURVIROSTRIDAE  Avocets  and  stilts. 

225.  Recurvirostra  americana     Gmel.     American  avocet. 
Summer  visitant;  accidental.      Buffalo— Berg.  p.  7. 

Family  SCOLOPACIDAE  Snipes,  sandpipers,  etc. 
228.     Philohela  minor  (Gmel.)     American  woodcock. 

Summer  resident;  fairly  common  in  swampy  alder  and  willow 
coverts.  In  fall  often  found  in  upland  woods.  Much  less  common 
than  formerly.  March  10 — Nov.  15.  Nest,  on  the  ground ;  April  i — 
20;  eggs  4. 


28  ROCHESTER    ACADEMY    OF    SCIENCE. 

230.  Gallinago  delicata  (Ord)    Wilson's  snipe. 

Transient  visitant;  common.  April  9 — May  10;  Sept.  i — Nov. 
25 ;  rare  in  summer.  Found  in  marshes  and  swampy  meadows.  Breeds : 
Springville,  April  22 — May  10;  Bergen  Swamp,  May  30,  1899;  Buf- 
falo— Berg.  p.  7  and  Ottomar  Reinecke;  Branchport — C.  F.  Stone. 
Nest  on  a  hummock  in  the  midst  of  a  marsh;  eggs,  4. 

231.  Macrorhamphus  griseus  (Gmel.)     Dowitcher. 
Transient  visitant;    rather  rare.      Niagara   River,    Oct.,    1892 — 

Auk  12,  313.  Oneida  Lake,  Sept.,  1883;  also  in  1880 — R.  &  B.  p. 
112.  Auburn,  Sept.,  1875 — Aub.  p.  31. 

232.  Macrorhamphus       scolopaceus       (Say)        Long -billed 

dowitcher. 

Transient  visitant  ;  rare.  Strawberry  Island,  Niagara  River, 
Oct.,  1892 — Auk  12,  313. 

233.  Micropalama  himantopus  (Bonap.)     Stilt  sandpiper. 
Transient  visitant  ;  rare.     Penn  Yan,  Oct.,  1875 — Auburn   List, 

p.  31.      Buffalo,  Sept.  16,  1893 — Auk  12,  313. 

234.  Tringa  canutus     Linn.     Knot. 

Transient  visitant  ;  uncommon.  Carlton,  Sept.  9,  1897 — Auk  16, 
194.  Oneida  Lake,  Aug.  26,  1891 — Auk  n,  162.  Syracuse,  ''rare 
visitant" — A.  W.  Perrior.  Penn  Yan,  Oct.  15,  1874;  also  one  in 
the  Flahive  collection — Aub.  p.  32.  Buffalo,"  rare  migrant" — Berg, 
p.  8. 

235.  Tringa  maritima     Briinn.     Purple  sandpiper. 

Winter  visitant  ;  very  rare.  One  specimen  taken  in  winter  on 
Seneca  Lake, — Aub.  p.  32. 

239.  Tringa  maculata     Vieill.     Pectoral  sandpiper. 
Transient  visitant  ;   common  in  the  fall  ;   uncommon  in   spring. 

May  ;  Sept.  i — Nov.  5.  Found  in  marshes  and  along  the  shores  of 
lakes  and  streams. 

240.  Tringa  fuscicollis     Vieill.     White-rumped  sandpiper. 
Transient  visitant  ;   occasional.      Sept.  29 — Nov.  4.      There  are 

published  records  for  Carlton,  Branchport,  Utica  and  Oneida  Lake 
(several  instances).  Canandaigua,  Oct.  17  and  25,  1895  ;  Oct.  25 
and  Nov.  4,  1898;  Sept.  30,  1899.  Penn  Yan,  "eighteen  years 
ago" — Flahive  collection.  This  bird  often  escapes  identification, 
which  accounts  for  its  apparent  rarity. 


EATON BIRDS    OF   WESTERN    NEW    YORK.  29 

241.  Tringa  bairdii  (Coues)     Baird's  sandpiper. 

Transient  visitant  ;  occasional.  Aug.  25 — Nov.  20.  Several  rec- 
ords ;  Waterport,  Lakeside  Park  (several),  Locust  Grove,  Verona 
Beach  (two).  Canandaigua,  Nov.  20,  1895  ;  and  Oct.  6,  1900  (two). 
This  bird  like  the  preceding  species  is  probably  not  as  rare  as  is  com- 
monly supposed. 

242.  Tringa  minutilla     Vieill.     Least  sandpiper. 

Transient  visitant  ;    fairly  common.     May  ;   Aug.   20 — Sept.  25. 
Found  on  sandy  and  marshy  shores. 
2433.     Tringa  alpina  pacifica   (Coues)     Red-backed    sandpiper. 

Transient  visitant  ;  common  in  fall  ;  seldom  seen  in  the  spring. 
May  ;  Sept.  25 — Nov.  10.  Found  on  marshy  or  sandy  shores 

246.  Ereunetes  pusillus  (Linn.)     Semipalmated  sandpiper. 
Transient  visitant  ;  common.     May  ;  Sept.    i — Nov.  5.      Found 

on  marshy  or  sandy  shores. 

247.  Ereunetes  occidentalis  Lawr.    Western  sandpiper. 
Transient  visitant  ;    fairly  common.      May  ;    Aug.  20 — Sept.  25. 

Found  on  marshy  or  sandy  shores. 

248.  Calidris  arenaria  (Linn. )     Sanderling. 

Transient  visitant  ;  fairly  common.  May  15 — June  10  ;  Sept.  i 
— Oct.  10.  Found  on  muddy  or  sandy  shores. 

249.  Limosa  fedoa  (Linn. )     Marbled  godwit. 

Transient  visitant  ;  rare.  Syracuse,  June  18,  1876 — Auburn  List, 
p.  32.  Niagara  River,  occasional  migrant — Lang.  p.  554. 

251.     Limosa  haemastica  (Linn.)     Hudsonian  godwit. 

Transient  visitant  ;  rare.  Onondaga  Lake,  Oct.  13,  1883 — 
A.  W.  Perrior.  Oneida  Lake,  Sept.  7,  1891  ;  one  other,  later  in  the 
season — Egbert  Bagg.  See  also  Auburn  List,  p.  32. 

254.  Totanus  melanoleucus  (Gmel. )     Greater  yellow-legs. 
Transient  visitant  ;  fairly  common.     Apr.  20 — May  10  ;  Aug.  15 

— Nov.   5.      Found  in   marshes  and  along  the  shores  of  ponds  and 
lakes. 

255.  Totanus  flavipes  (Gmel. )     Yellow-legs. 

Transient  visitant  ;  fairly  common  in  fall.  May  10-20  ;  Aug.  15 
— Oct.  I .  Found  on  marshy  or  sandy  shores. 


30  ROCHESTER    ACADEMY    OF    SCIENCE. 

256.     Helodromas  solitarius  (Wils.)     Solitary  sandpiper. 

Transient  visitant  ;  fairly  common.     May  1-20  ;  July  15 — Sept. 
20.     Found  along  woodland  ponds  and  streams. 

258.     Symphemia  semipalmata  (Gmel. )     Willet. 

Accidental  visitant.    "A  regular  migrant,  three  in  fall  of  1876 — 
Aub.  p.  33.       One  killed  at  Canandaigua  about  1878,  in  summer,  by 
George  Herendeen.     Niagara   River,   occasional  migrant — Lang.   p. 
526. 

261.  Bartramia  longicauda  (Bechst.)     Bartramian  sandpiper. 
Summer  resident  ;  fairly  common,  but  somewhat  local  in  distri- 
bution.    April  20 — Sept.  10.     Found  in  dry  upland  pastures,  meadows 
and  stubble  fields.      Nest,  in  slight  hollow  in  the  ground  ;  May  20 — 
June  10  ;  eggs  4-5. 

262.  Tryngites  subruficollis  (Vieill. )     Buff-breasted  sandpiper. 
Transient  visitant  ;  rare.      Lockport,  Aug.  31,  1886 — J.  L.  Davi- 

son.  Kendall,  about  1885,  and  Gaines,  fall  of  1897 — Auk  16,  194. 
Buffalo — Berg.  p.  8.  Penn  Yan — James  Flahive. 

263.  Actitis  macularia  (Linn. )     Spotted  sandpiper. 

Summer  resident  ;  abundant.  April  18 — Sept.  10.  Found  along 
the  streams  and  shores.  Nest,  concealed  in  the  grass  of  a  swamp  or 
pasture  ;  May  15 — June  10  ;  eggs  4.  Beneficial. 

264.  Numenius  longirostris     Wils.     Long-billed  curlew. 
Transient  visitant  ;  rare.     Oneida  Lake,  Oct.  5,  1880 — Ralph  & 

Bagg  List,  p.  115.  "Regular  but  somewhat  rare" — Auburn  List, 
p.  33.  Canandaigua,  Sept.,  1885 — A.  P.  Wilbur.  Buffalo,  "occa- 
sional" —Berg,  p.  33. 

265.  Numenius  hudsonicus     Lath.     Hudsonian  curlew. 
Transient  visitant  ;  occasional.      Records  for  Murray,  Sept.  1879 

— Auk  1 6,  195.  Oneida  Lake,  Sept.  5,  1899 — Auk  17,  177.  Canan- 
daigua, May  30,  1897.  Also  reported  from  Branchport,  Auburn,  Lock- 
port  and  Buffalo. 

266.  Numenius  borealis  (Forst.)     Eskimo  curlew. 

Transient  visitant  ;  rare.  Otisco  Lake,  1873 — A.  W.  Perrior. 
Lockport,  Oct.  2,  1879 — J.  L.  Davison.  Buffalo — Berg.,  p.  9. 


EATON BIRDS    OF    WESTERN    NEW    YORK.  3! 

Family  CHARADRIIDAE.     Plovers. 

270.     Squatarola  squatarola  (Linn.)     Black-bellied  plover. 

Transient  visitant  ;  fairly  common  in  the  autumn,  irregular  in  the 
spring.  May  20 — June  10  ;  Aug.  20 — Oct.  12,  Found  on  the  shores 

of  lakes  and  streams. 

i 

272.     Charadrius  dominicus    Mull.     American  golden  plover. 

Transient  visitant  ;  fairly  common  in  fall  ;  rare  in  spring.  Aug. 
15 — Oct.  15.  Frequents  muddy  and  sandy  shores. 

273-     Aegialitis  vocifera  (Linn.)     Killdeer. 

Summer  resident  ;  abundant  ;  March  10 — Nov.  15.  Frequents 
pastures,  shores  of  streams,  ponds  and  lakes.  Nest,  in  slight  hollow 
in  meadow  or  pasture,  often  long  distances  from  water  ;  April  15 — 
May  20  ;  eggs  4.  Beneficial. 

274.     Aegialitis  semipalmata     Bonap.     Semipalmated  plover. 

Transient  visitant  ;  fairly  common  in  the  fall.  Aug.  20 — Sept. 
25.  Uncommon  in  spring.  Found  on  sandy  or  marshy  shores. 

277.     Aegialitis  meloda  (Ord)     Piping  plover. 

Transient  visitant  ;  accidental.  Owasco  Lake,  Auburn,  1876 — 
Auburn  List,  p.  30.  Lockport,  Aug.  20,  1885 — J.  L.  Davison. 

280.     Aegialitis  wilsonia  (Ord)     Wilson's  plover. 

Summer  visitant  ;  accidental.  Penn  Yan,  spring,  1868 — Auburn 
List,  p.  30.  Oneida  Lake,  1880 — Ralph  &  Bagg  List,  p.  115. 

Family  APHRIZIDAE.    Surf  birds  and  turnstones. 

283.     Arenaria  interpres     (Linn.)     Turnstone. 

Transient  visitant;  fairly  common  in  spring.   May  15 — June  10. 

This  bird  is  known  as  the  ' '  black  heart ' '  on  Canandaigua  Lake, 
where  it  sometimes  occurs  in  large  flocks.  Uncommon  in  autumn. 

Order  GALLINAE.     Gallinaceous  birds. 
Family  TETRAONIDAE.     Grouse,  Partridges,  etc. 

289.     Colinus  virginianus     (Linn.)    Bob- white. 

Resident;  fairly  common,  except  in  the  colder,  hilly  and 
mountainous  districts.  Found  in  thickets,  meadows  and  hedgerows. 
Occurs  in  bevies  of  10-30,  after  the  breeding  season  is  ended.  Nest, 
concealed  in  the  grass,  often  at  the  foot  of  a  small  bush ;  May  25 — June 
15;  eggs  10-20. 


32  ROCHESTER    ACADEMY    OF    SCIENCE. 

300.     Bonasa  umbellus     (Linn.)     Ruffed  grouse. 

Resident  ;  common  in  woodlands.  It  is  making  a  good  fight 
against  extermination  and  will  succeed  if  the  laws  are  enforced.  Nest 
on  the  ground  at  the  foot  of  a  stump  or  tree.  April  15 — May  10. 
Have  found  fresh  eggs  on  June  5,  the  first  nest  probably  having  been 
destroyed  ;  eggs,  6-14. 

30oa.  Bonasa  umbellus  togata  (Linn.)  Canadian  ruffed  grouse. 
Resident  ;  occasionally  met  with  in  Erie  County.  Mr.  L.  A. 
Fuertes  reports  it  from  Ithaca,  where  it  is  sometimes  found  in  the 
markets.  Rochester,  Nov.  29,  1900,  a  typical  bird  of  their  race  was 
killed  by  Mr.  A.  E.  Babcock. 

Family  PHASIANIDAE.    Pheasants,  etc. 

3ioa.     Meleagris  gallopavo  fera     (Vieill.)     Wild  turkey. 

Formerly  resident  ;  long  since  exterminated.  DeKay  in  his 
zoology  of  the  state,  1846,  reports  it  as  still  found  in  Allegany  and 
Cattaraugus  counties. 

Phasianus  torquatus  Gmel.     Mongolian  pheasant. 

This  bird  has  been  introduced  with  considerable  success  in 
western  New  York,  especially  in  the  Genesee  valley  and  in  the  warmer 
counties  which  constitute  the  northern  belt  of  the  region.  This 
pheasant  survives  the  cold  and  snowy  winters  and  is  known  to  breed 
in  several  localities. 

Order  COLUMBAE.     Pigeons. 

Family  COLUMBIDAE.   Pigeons. 

315.      Ectopistes  migratorius     (Linn.)     Passenger  pigeon. 

Formerly  a  transient  in  immense  numbers,  and  an  irregular 
summer  resident.  Now  rare  or  accidental.  A  young  bird  three- 
fourths  grown  was  taken  by  the  writer  at  Springville,  July  21,  1882  ; 
a  few  were  seen  in  Ithaca,  spring  of  1892 — L.  A.  Fuertes  ;  a  flock  in 
Lewis  County,  May  22,  1896 — Auk  14,  88.  An  adult  male  killed, 
Canandaigua,  Sept.  14,  1898 — A.  P.  Wilbur. 

The  last  great  pigeon  nesting  in  western  New  York  was  in  1868 
near  Ceres,  about  fifteen  miles  south  of  Olean,  on  Bell's  Run.  Mr.  Fred 
R.  Eaton  of  Olean,  has  furnished  the  following  particulars;  the  height 
of  the  nesting  season  was  reached  about  the  tenth  of  May.  The 


EATON BIRDS    OF   WESTERN    NEW   YORK.  33 

country  occupied  by  the  birds  lay  principally  across  the  state  line  in 
Pennsylvania;  and  millions  of  birds  were  nesting  in  the  hemlock,  pine 
and  hardwood  trees,  covering  a  strip  of  land  about  fourteen  miles  in 
length.  In  a  large  hemlock  there  frequently  were  30  or  40  nests  con- 
taining eggs  or  young.  Both  male  and  female  birds  took  part  in 
incubation  and  in  feeding  the  squabs.  The  birds  scattered  mostly 
toward  the  north,  to  feed  upon  beech  mast  and  all  kinds  of  grain. 
Just  before  the  laying  they  fed  along  the  banks  of  streams  and  on  low 
ground,  when  many  were  taken  by  the  netters.  There  was  a  great 
flight  of  birds  from  the  nesting  grounds  at  dawn,  consisting  only  of 
red-breasted  cocks;  and  another  "cock  flight"  about  the  middle  of 
the  afternoon  of  each  day.  The  ' '  hen  flight ' '  occurred  about  eleven 
in  the  forenoon. 

'   During  this  nesting  dozens  of  wagon-loads  of  squabs  and  old 
birds  were  often  shipped  in  one  day  from  Olean. 

After  the  Ceres  nesting  the  birds  nested  further  south  in  McKean 
Co.,  Pennsylvania;  but  no  remarkable  nestings  occurred  after  1875. 

316.     Zenaidura  macroura     (Linn.)     Mourning  dove. 

Summer  resident  ;  common.  Mar.  20 — Nov.  15.  Found  in 
orchards  and  woodlands,  feeding  in  stubble-fields  and  coming  to  the 
shores  and  '  'watering  holes' '  in  pastures  to  drink.  Gathers  in  flocks  of 
10—50  in  autumn.  Nest,  in  the  orchard  or  woods  on  a  low  branch. 
April  20 — June  10  ;  eggs  2.  Mainly  beneficial. 

Order  RAPTORES.     Birds  of  prey. 
Family  CATHARTIDAE.     American  vultures. 

325.  Cathartes  aura     (Linn.)     Turkey  vulture. 

Summer  visitant ;  occasional.  Westmoreland,  May,  1879 — R. 
&  B.,  p.  "117.  Kendall,  May  23,  1884— Auk,  July  1884.  Phelps, 
July  3,  1891 — Auk  8,  396.  Clarendon,  July  18,  1891 — Auk,  April, 
1892.  Maynard,  Aug.,  1896 — Auk  14,  227.  Penn  Yan,  "1885  and 
1898" — James  Flahive.  Geneva,  Aug.,  1894  ;  Stanley,  Sept.,  1895  ; 
Bristol,  Dec.  28,  1897  ;  Canandaigua,  Aug.  13,  1899. 

326.  Catharista  urubu  (Vieill. )     Black  vulture. 

Summer  visitant  ;  accidental.  Shelby  Center,  May  28,  1892 — 
Auk  1 6,  195.  West  Seneca,  June,  1884,  seen  by  Charles  Linden 
—Berg.  p.  10. 

3,  PROC.  ROCH.  ACAD.  Sci.,  VOL.  4,  FEBRUARY  8,  1901. 


34  ROCHESTER    ACADEMY    OF    SCIENCE. 

Family  FALCON  I  DAE.     Falcons,  hawks,  eagles,  etc. 

331.  Circus  hudsonius  (Linn.)     Marsh  hawk. 

Summer  resident  ;  fairly  common.  April  I — Oct.  20.  Fre- 
quents low  meadows  and  swamps,  flying  and  perching  low.  Like  all 
hawks,  migrates  by  day.  Nest,  on  the  ground  amidst  the  grass  and 
low  bushes  of  the  marsh,  May  5-20  ;  eggs,  4-5.  Rather  more 
injurious  than  the  red-tail,  but  destroys  more  mice  than  birds. 

332.  Accipiter  velox  (Wils.)     Sharp-shinned  hawk. 

Summer  resident,  fairly  common.  Apr.  i — Nov.  10.  Like  the 
following  species,  rarely  seen  in  winter.  Frequents  mixed  woodlands. 
Nest,  usually  in  evergreen  trees,  12-40  feet  from  the  ground,  May  8 
— June  5  ;  eggs,  3-5.  Injurious  ;  feeds  almost  exclusively  on  small 
birds,  often  visiting  the  orchard  and  farmyard. 

333.  Accipiter_"cooperii  (Bonap.)     Cooper's  hawk. 

Summer  resident  ;  fairly  common.  Apr.  I — Nov.  15  ;  occa- 
sional in  winter.  Found  in  mixed  woodlands,  often  coming  into  the 
fields,  orchards  and  farmyards  in  search  of  birds.  Nest,  in  the  fork 
of  a  tree,  25-50  feet  from  the  ground,  May  1-20  ;  eggs,  3-5. 
Injurious  ;  feeds  principally  on  birds  and  poultry. 

334.  Accipiter  atricapillus  (Wils.)     American  goshawk. 
Winter  visitant  ;   uncommon.    Oct.  21 — Mar.  20.    Many  records. 

Found  in  woodlands  of  mixed  evergreen  and  deciduous  trees.  Some- 
times comes  to  the  barnyard  in  quest  of  pigeons  and  chickens. 
Injurious  ;  very  destructive  to  game  and  poultry. 

337.     Buteo  borealis  (Gmel.)     Red-tailed  hawk. 

Resident  ;  common.  More  partial  to  rugged,  hilly  woodlands 
than  the  following  species.  Nest,  in  a  tall  tree,  Mar.  15 — Apr.  20  ; 
eggs,  2-4.  This  hawk  is  more  destructive  to  poultry,  game  and 
small  birds  than  our  other  "buzzards,"  but  does  much  good  by 
destroying  mice  and  red  squirrels. 

339.     Buteo  lineatus  (Gmel. )     Red-shouldered  hawk. 

Summer  resident  ;  common.  Mar.  i — Nov.  15.  Occasional 
resident.  Found  in  swampy  woods.  Nest,  in  the  fork  of  a  decid- 
uous tree,  30-70  feet  from  the  ground,  Apr.  I — May  10  ;  eggs, 
3-5.  Mainly  beneficial  ;  food,  mice,  frogs,  insects,  etc. 

342.     Buteo  swainsoni  Bonap.     Swainson's  hawk. 

Accidental  visitant.     Brockport,  Oct.  i,  1889 — Short,  p.  10. 


EATON — BIRDS    OF    WESTERN    NEW    YORK.  35 

343.      Buteo  latissimus  (Wils.)      Broad-winged  hawk. 

Summer  resident  ;  rather  rare.  Mar. — Oct.  Found  in  low, 
open  woods  and  swamps.  Its  nest  has  been  found  in  Oneida  Co. , 
Apr.  24,  1883 — R.  &  B. ,  p.  1 1 8.  Also  probably  breeds  near 
Buffalo — Ottomar  Reinecke.  Beneficial. 

347a.  Archibuteo  lagopus  sancti-johannis  (Gmel. )     American 

rough  legged  hawk. 

Winter  visitant  ;  fairly  common.  Oct. — Apr.  Found  in  open 
country  perching  on  isolated  trees  or  hunting  over  swamps  and  mead- 
ows. Beneficial  ;  food,  mice  and  other  small  quadrupeds. 

349.     Aquila  chrysa'etos  (Linn.)     Golden  eagle. 

Accidental  visitant.  Clinton,  May,  1896  —  Auk  14,  227. 
Rochester,  Oct.  25,  1900. — This  bird  evidently  struck  an  electric 
light  wire  at  night  when  dazzled  by  the  light,  on  Clinton  Avenue  near 
St.  Michael's  church.  Exhausted  by  long  flight  and  fasting,  and 
injured  by  the  blow  it  had  received,  the  bird  was  captured  in  the 
morning  and  is  now  in  Seneca  Park.  Mr.  C.  E.  Laney  assures  me 
that  the  bird  bore  no  marks  of  previous  confinement. 

352.     Haliaeetus  leucocephalus  (Linn.)     Bald  eagle. 

Resident  ;  uncommon.  Most  frequently  seen  on  the  shores  of 
our  lakes  and  along  large  streams.  Apparently  does  not  breed  in 
Western  New  York  except  at  Sodus  Bay. 

354b.   Falco  rusticolus  obsoletus  (Gmel.)     Black  gyrfalcon. 

Winter  visitant;  very  rare.  Monroe  Co.,  Oct.,  1890 — Auk 
9,  203. 

356.  Falco  peregrinus  anatum  (Bonap.)    Duck  hawk. 
Transient  visitant;  rare.     Ithaca,    1899 — L.    A.    Fuertes.    Grand 

Island,  1885 — Berg.  p.  10.     Seneca  Lake,  winter  of   1878 — Aub.  p. 
27.      Breeds  in  Hamilton  Co. — Auk  14,  226. 

357.  Falco  columbarius  Linn.     Pigeon  hawk. 

Transient  visitant;  rather  uncommon.  Apr.,  Sept. — Nov.  Usually 
seen  near  the  edges  of  woods  or  along  the  border  of  lakes  and  streams. 
Reported  as  breeding  near  Buffalo — Berg.  p.  10;  and  Naples — Short, 
p.  ii.  Injurious;  feeds  mostly  on  small  birds. 


36  ROCHESTER    ACADEMY    OF    SCIENCE. 

360.     Falco  sparverius  Linn.     American  sparrow  hawk. 

Summer  resident;  common.  March  15 — Nov.  i.  Occasionally 
remains  all  winter.  Frequents  isolated  trees,  telegraph  poles  and  the 
borders  of  woods.  Nest,  in  a  hollow  tree  or  a  woodpecker's  hole,  20 
-70  ft.  from  the  ground;  May  10-25;  eggs  4~6.  Mainly  beneficial; 
food,  insects,  mice  and  birds. 

364.  Pandion  haliaetus  carolinensis  (Gmel.)  American  osprey. 
Transient  visitant;  fairly  common.  April  12 — May  15;  Sept.  15— 

Oct.  20.  Occasionally  seen  throughout  the  summer.  Found  along 
the  lakes  and  rivers.  Often  visits  small  ponds  far  inland,  Feeds  al- 
most exclusively  on  fish. 

Family  STRIGIDAE.     Barn  owls. 

365.  Strix  pratincola  Bonap.    American  barn  owl. 

Summer  visitant;    rather  rare.    Reported  from  Navy  Island,  Niag- 
ara  River, — Langille,  p.  607.      Buffalo,  July  5,  1890 — Auk  7,   400; 
also  July  18,  1895 — Auk  12,  393.     Cincinnatus,  Sept.  13,    1891 — Auk 
'10,  301.    Marcy,  Sept.,  i898-Auk   17,    177.    Canandaigua,    June   18, 
1900. 

Family  BUBONIDAE.     Horned  owls,  etc. 

366.  Asio  wilsonianus  (Less.)    American  long-eared  owl. 
Resident;    fairly  common.    Frequents  evergreen  woods  and  dense 

swamps.  Nest,  usually  in  an  old  crow's  or  squirrel's  nest.  Mr.  C.  F. 
'Stone  found  its  nest  in  Potter  Swamp,  Yates  County,  May  16,  1898, 
the  eggs  just  hatching.  Eggs  3-6.  Mainly  beneficial. 

367.  Asio  accipitrinus  (Pall.)     Short-eared  owl. 

Winter  visitant;  fairly  common  in  November  and  April,  Not 
known  to  breed,  although  specimens  have  been  taken  May  20  and 
August  8.  Found  in  grassy  swamps,  usually  in  small  companies. 
Quite  active  by  day,  but  hunts  mostly  at  twilight.  Mainly  beneficial, 
a  large  portion  of  its  food  being  mice. 

368.  Syrnium  nebulosum  (Forst.)    Barred  owl. 

Resident;  common  in  the  more  wooded  districts.  Nest,  in  a  hol- 
low tree  or  old  crow's  nest;  eggs  2-4.  Not  as  beneficial  as  the  screech 
owl,  nor  as  injurious  as  the  great  horned  owl. 


EATON BIRDS    OF   WESTERN    NEW   YORK.  3.7 

370.    Scotiaptex  cinerea  (Gmel.)    Great  gray  owl. 

Winter  visitant;  rare.  Three  records;  Marcy  and  White  Lake, 
Oneida  Co. ,  and  Painted  Post,  Steuben  Co. ,  all  in  February.  R.  & 
B.  p.  120.  Auk  5,  no;  also  12,  301. 

372.  Nyctala  acadica  (Gmel.)    Saw-whet  owl. 

Resident;  rather  rare  in  Western  New  York.  "Not  very  uncom- 
mon" in  Oneida  Co.,  where  it  breeds  in  deserted  woodpeckers'  holes, 
March  and  April — R.  &  B.  p.  120,  Also  Auk  7,  230,  Beneficial. 

373.  Megascops  asio  (Linn.)    Screech  owl. 

Resident;  common.  Frequents  woods,  orchards  and  shade  trees. 
Nest  often  built  near  the  house  in  a  hollow  tree;  April  i — 25;  eggs  4 
-6.  Mostly  beneficial;  food  principally  mice  and  insects,  but  destroys 
some  insectivorous  birds, 

375.  Bubo  virginianus  (Gmel.)    Great  horned  owl. 

Resident  ;  common  in  wooded  districts.  By  day  it  is  found  among 
evergreens  in  swamps  and  rugged  ravines.  Nest,  in  an  old  hawk's  or 
crow's  nest;  Feb.  20 — March  15;  eggs  2-3.  Injurious;  destroys 
poultry,  grouse,  rabbits,  skunks,  etc. 

376.  Nyctea  nyctea  (Linn.)     Snowy  owl. 

Winter  visitant ;  occasional.  Oct.  20 — March.  Some  winters  it 
is  common,  e.  g.,  1876-77. 

3773.     Surnia  ulula  caparoch  (Mull.)     American  hawk  owl. 

Winter  visitant  ;  rare.  Naples,  two  instances  of  its  occurrence — 
Short  p.  ii.  Onondaga  Co.,  three  records — A.  W.  Perrior.  Niagara 
Co. ,  ' '  rare  winter  visitor ' '  — Davison.  Clark' s  Mills,  Oneida  Co. ,  1 885 
— R.  &  B.  p.  122.  Holly — Auk  16,  195.  Gorham,  Nov.,  1875 — 
O.  &  O.  6,  13. 

Order  PSITTACI.     Parrots,  etc. 
Family  PSITTACIDAE.    Parrots. 

382.     Conurus  carolinensis  (Linn.)     Carolina  paroquet. 

Now  extinct  in  this  region.  Formerly,  according  to  Audubon, 
this  species  ranged  as  far  north  as  the  southern  shore  of  Lake  Ontario, 
See  also  Auk,  1891,  pp.  369-379. 


38  ROCHESTER    ACADEMY    OF    SCIENCE. 

Order  COCCYGES.      Cuckoos,  etc. 
Family  CUCULIDAE.     Cuckoos,  etc. 

387.  Coccyzus  americanus  (Linn.)     Yellow-billed  cuckoo. 
Summer    resident  ;    fairly   common.      May    10 — Sept.    15.      Fre- 
quents groves,  hedgerows  and   thickets,  especially  on  the  borders  of 
swamps  and  streams.      Nest,  near  the  ground  in  a  thick  bush  or  vine  ; 
June  10-30  ;  eggs  3-5,  usually  laid  at  intervals  of  a  few  days.      Bene- 
ficial, fond  of  tent  caterpillars. 

388.  Coccyzus  erythrophthalmus   (Wils. )    Black-billed  cuckoo. 
Summer    resident ;     common.      May    10 — Sept.    25.      Found    in 

groves,  orchards  and  hedgerows.      Nest,  a  few  feet  from  the  ground 
in  a  thick  bush  ;  June  1-30  ;  eggs  2-5.     Beneficial  like  the  preceding. 

Family  ALCEDINIDAE.     Kingfishers. 
390.     Ceryle  alcyon  (Linn.)     Belted  kingfisher. 

Summer  resident  ;  common.  Apr.  6 — Nov.  i.  Occasionally 
seen  in  winter.  Found  along  streams  and  the  shores  of  lakes  and 
ponds.  Nest,  in  a  bank  at  the  end  of  a  hole  5-8  feet  in  length  ;  Apr. 
15 — May  20  ;  eggs  5-7.  Destructive  to  young  fish  and  tadpoles. 

Order  PICI.       Woodpeckers,  etc. 
Family  PICIDAE.      Woodpeckers. 

393.     Dryobates  villosus   (Linn.)      Hairy  woodpecker. 

Resident  ;  fairly  common.  Frequents  woodlands  :  sometimes 
visits  orchards  and  shade  trees.  Nest,  excavated  in  a  dead  limb  or 
stub  ;  Apr.  20 — May  25  ;  eggs  4-5.  Beneficial,  like  all  the  wood- 
peckers, by  destroying  grubs,  beetles,  etc. 

394c.     Dryobates  pubescens  medianus  (Swains.  )    Downy  wood- 
pecker. 

Resident  ;  common.     Frequents  woodlands  and  orchards.     Nest, 
in  a  dead  limb,  15-50  feet  from  the  ground  ;  Apr.  25 — May  30  ;  eggs 
4-5- 
400.     Picoides  arcticus  (Swains. )     Arctic  three-toed  woodpecker. 

Winter  visitant  ;  rare.  Tully,  Feb.  27,  1880  ;  and  Syracuse, 
Dec.  25,  1883 — Auk  7,  206.  Ithaca,  winter  of  1895-96 — L.  A. 
Fuertes.  Orleans  County,  3  records — J.  A.  Davison. 


EATON — BIRDS   OF   WESTERN   NEW   YORK.  39 

402.     Sphyrapicus  varius  (Linn.)     Yellow-bellied  sapsucker. 

Transient  visitant  ;  common.  Apr.  10 — May  15  ;  Sept.  15— 
Oct.  20.  Occasional  summer  resident.  Reported  as  breeding  in 
Cayuga,  Yates  and  Oneida  Counties.  Found  in  woods,  orchards  and 
shade  trees  during  migration.  Often  does  harm  by  girdling  young 
trees  to  feed  on  the  sap,  50-100  holes  through  the  bark  in  a  single 
ring  being. not  uncommon.  Otherwise  beneficial. 

4053.     Ceophloeus  pileatus  abieticola  Bangs.     Northern  pileated 
woodpecker. 

Resident  ;  occasionally  found  in  the  wildest  and  most  secluded 
hemlock  woods,  especially  in  the  counties  of  Erie,  Cattaraugus  and 
Allegany.  According  to  Mr.  Ottomar  Reinecke  it  breeds  in  Tona- 
wanda  Swamp.  At  Springville  I  have  known  of  only  four  birds  of 
this  species  captured  in  ten  years. 

406.     Melanerpes  erythrocephalus  (Linn.)     Red-headed  wood- 
pecker. 

Summer  resident  ;  common.  May  5 — Oct.  i.  When  beech- 
nuts are  abundant  this  species  always  remains  throughout  the  year  ; 
otherwise  migrates  as  above  stated.  Frequents  woodlands,  groves 
and  telegraph  poles.  Nest,  in  a  dry  stub  ;  May  15 — June  20  ; 
eggs  4—5.  Fond  of  cherries,  berries  and  apples,  but  mostly  beneficial. 

409.     Melanerpes  carolinus  (Linn.)     Red-bellied  woodpecker. 

Resident,  at  least  in  Erie,  Monroe  and  Ontario  counties  ;  not 
very  uncommon.  Found  mostly  in  dry  woodlands  of  beech  and 
maple.  Breeds,  Springville,  June,  1896.  Also  at  Benton,  May,  1898 — 
Burdette  Wright. 

4i2a.     Colaptes  auratus  luteus  Bangs     Northern  flicker. 

Summer  resident  ;  abundant.  Apr.  10 — Oct.  20.  Occasionally 
found  in  winter.  Frequents  orchards  and  groves,  often  feeding  on 
the  ground  in  open  fields  and  pastures.  Nest,  excavated  in  a  dry 
limb  or  stub,  10—70  feet  from  the  ground  ;  May  10 — June  30  ;  eggs 
5—7.  Beneficial  ;  destroys  ants,  grubs  and  beetles.  Its  fruit  diet  is 
mostly  confined  to  wild  cherries,  poke  berries,  woodbine,  etc. 


40  ROCHESTER    ACADEMY    OF    SCIENCE. 

Order   MACROCHIRES.      Goatsuckers,  swifts,  etc. 
Family  CAPRIMULGIDAE.     Goatsuckers,  etc. 

417.     Antrostomus  vociferus  (Wils.)     Whip-poor-will. 

Summer  resident  ;  fairly  common  in  secluded  glens  and  wood- 
lands. May  2 — Sept.  15.  Beneficial. 

420.     Chordeiles  virginianus  (Gmel. )     Nighthawk. 

Summer  resident  ;  often  seen  in  large  towns  and  cities.  May  10 
— Sept.  25.  Common  in  August  and  Sept.  about  wide  fields  and 
open  woods.  Seen  circling  in  air  at  early  evening.  Nest,  usually  on 
flat  roof  of  large  buildings  ;  eggs  2.  Beneficial. 

Family   MICROPODIDAE.     Swifts. 

423.      Chaetura  pelagica  (Linn.)      Chimney  swift. 

Summer  resident  ;  abundant.  Apr.  25 — Sept.  30,  Practically 
seen  only  in  the  air.  Nest,  in  chimney,  rarely  in  gable  of  barn  ;  May 
15 — July  10  ;  eggs  4-5.  Beneficial. 

Family   TROCHILIDAE.     Hummingbirds. 

428.     Trochilus  colubris  Linn.      Ruby-throated  hummingbird. 

Summer  resident  ;  common.  May  10 — Sept.  10.  Found  in 
dooryards,  orchards  and  woods.  Nest,  on  limb  of  apple,  maple, 
beech  or  tamarack  tree,  8-40  feet  from  the  ground  ;  June  5 — July  20  ; 
eggs  2.  Beneficial. 

Order   PASSERES.     Perching  birds. 
Family  TYRANNIDAE.      Tyrant  flycatchers. 

444.     Tyrannus  tyrannus   (Linn)      Kingbird. 

Summer  resident;  abundant.  May  i — Sept.  i.  Frequents 
orchards,  fields  and  roadsides.  Nest,  usually  in  apple  tree  or  thorn 
bush  ;  May  20 — June  15  ;  eggs  3-5.  Mostly  beneficial,  sometimes 
destroys  bees,  but  mostly  drones. 

452.      Myiarchus  crinitus   (Linn.)     Crested  flycatcher. 

Summer  resident  ;  fairly  common.  May  6 — Aug.  20.  Found 
in  groves  and  woodlands.  Nest,  in  hollow  tree  or  stump,  or  deserted 
woodpecker's  hole  ;  May  30 — June  15  ;  eggs  4. 


EATON BIRDS    OF    WESTERN    NEW    YORK.  4-1 

456.     Sayornis  phoebe  (Lath.)     Phoebe. 

Summer  resident  ;  abundant.  Apr.  5 — Oct.  15.  Found  about 
dooryards  and  in  vicinity  of  streams.  Nest,  in  porches,  eaves,  sheds, 
bridges  or  overhanging  banks  ;  Apr.  20 — June  15  ;  two  broods  ; 
eggs  3-5.  Beneficial,  like  all  the  flycatchers. 

459.     Contopus  borealis     (Swains. )     Olive-sided  flycatcher. 

Transient  visitant  ;  rare.  Canandaigua  Lake,  Oct.  22,  1898. 
Orchard  Park,  1885 — Berg.  p.  13.  Lockport,  "rare"  —  Davison. 
Penn  Yan — Aub.  p.  23. 

461.     Contopus  virens  (Linn.)     Wood  pewee. 

Summer  resident  ;  abundant.  May  15 — Sept.  i.  Found  in 
groves,  orchards  and  woodlands.  Nest,  saddled  on  limb  of  apple 
tree,  hemlock  or  maple,  June  5 — July  20  ;  eggs,  3-4. 

463.     Empidonax  flaviventris  Baird  Yellow-bellied  flycatcher. 

Transient  visitant  ;  uncommon.  Rare  summer  resident.  Tully 
Lake,  summer  of  1884 — A.  W.  Perrior,  reporting  the  observation  of 
J.  A.  Dakin.  Buffalo,  "breeds" — Ottomar  Reinecke.  Lockport, 
"rare" — Davison.  Oneida  Co.,  breeds,  June  24,  1885 — R.  &  B.  p. 
126.  Hulberton,  Orleans  Co.,  May  26,  1890 — Auk  16,  195. 

465.     Empidonax  virescens  (Vieill. )     Green-crested  flycatcher. 

Summer  resident  ;  rather  uncommon.  May  12 — August.  Syra- 
cuse, tolerably  common — A.  W.  Perrior.  Auburn,  "breeds" — Aub. 
p.  23.  Buffalo,  "breeds" — Ottomar  Reinecke.  Lockport,  rare, 
nest  found  June  14,  1887 — Davison.  Ithaca,  June  4,  1899 — T.  L. 
Hankinson. 

466a.   Empidonax  traillii  alnorum  Brewst.     Alder  flycatcher. 

Summer  resident  ; -rather  uncommon.  May  10 — Aug.  Reported 
as  not  uncommon  and  breeding  at  Buffalo,  Ithaca,  Auburn  and  Utica. 
The  last  record  of  its  breeding  is  at  Penn  Yan,  July  22,  1900,  eggs 
hatching — Verdi  Burtch. 

467.     Empidonax  minimus  Baird   Least  flycatcher. 

Summer  resident ;  common.  May  6 — Aug.  20.  Found  in 
orchards  and  groves.  Nest,  in  apple  tree  or  maple  tree,  May  20  — 
June  30  ;  eggs,  3-5. 


42  ROCHESTER    ACADEMY    OF    SCIENCE. 

Family  ALAUDIDAE.  Larks. 
474.     Otocoris  alpestris  (Linn.)     Horned  lark. 

Winter  visitant  ;  fairly  common.  Nov. — Mar.  Associates  with 
the  prairie  horned  lark. 

4740.   Otocoris  alpestris  praticola  Hensh.     Prairie  horned  lark. 

Resident  ;  abundant  in  spring  and  fall.  Feb.  20 — Apr.  10  ; 
Sept.  20 — Nov.  10.  Not  common  in  winter.  Found  in  meadows 
and  plowed  fields.  Breeds  Mar.  10 — Apr.  10.  Second  brood  often 
reared  in  May.  Half-fledged  young  reported  at  Buffalo  in  February, 
— see  "  Forest  and  Stream,"  14,  489.  Eggs,  4.  Beneficial. 

Family  CORVIDAE.     Crows,  jays,  magpies,  etc. 
477.     Cyanocitta  cristata  (Linn.)     Blue  jay. 

Resident  ;  common  in  wooded  districts.  In  fall  and  winter  often 
visits  orchards  and  cornfields.  Nest,  in  a  small  evergreen  tree,  Apr. 
i — May  10  ;  eggs,  4-6.  Injurious  from  its  destruction  of  eggs  and 
young  of  insectivorous  birds. 

486a.   Corvus  corax  principalis  Ridgw.     Northern  raven. 

Rare  or  accidental  visitant.  Skeleton  found  in  Wayne  Co.,  1875, 
is  reported  in  the  Auburn  List.  Specimen  shot  on  Canandaigua 
Lake  about  1885  is  in  the  possession  of  Dr.  Lot  D.  Sutherland  of 
Canandaigua. 

488.     Corvus  americanus  Aud.     American  crow. 

Resident  ;  abundant.  In  winter  they  roost  in  immense  rook- 
eries ;  one  near  Canandaigua  is  frequented  by  many  thousands  ;  by 
day  scattering  over  widely  extended  country.  Nest,  15—70  feet  from 
the  ground  ;  Apr.  i — May  15  ;  eggs,  4-6.  Does  much  good  in  the 
destruction  of  cut-worms,  May  beetles,  grasshoppers,  etc.,  but  more 
harm,  not  merely  in  injuring  newly  planted  crops,  ripening  grain, 
green  peas,  early  apples,  etc. ,  but  principally  in  destroying  the  eggs 
and  young  of  smaller  insectivorous  birds. 

Family  ICTERIDAE.      Blackbirds,  orioles,  etc. 
494.     Dolichonyx  oryzivorus  (Linn.)     Bobolink. 

Summer  resident  ;  common.  May  4 — Sept.  15.  Frequents 
meadows  in  early  summer;  in  fall,  grassy  swamps.  Here  it  does 
not  gather  in  the  large  flocks  seen  further  south.  Nest,  on  the 
ground,  in  the  thick  grass  ;  May  20 — June  10  ;  eggs  4-6.  Beneficial 
with  us,  from  destruction  of  insects  and  weed  seeds. 


EATON BIRDS    OF   WESTERN    NEW    YORK,  43 

495.     Molothrus  ater  (Bodd. )     Cowbird. 

Summer  resident  ;  abundant.  Mar.  20— Oct.  25.  Occasional 
in  winter.  Found  in  pastures,  orchards  and  hedgerows.  In  autumn 
gregarious  like  all  blackbirds,  feeding  in  grain  fields  and  meadows. 
Entirely  parasitic,  a  variety  qf  hosts  being  selected,  varying  in  size 
from  yellow  warbler  to  mourning  dove.  Warblers,  vireos  and  the 
chipping  sparrow  usually  chosen.  This  bird  is  a  menace  to  the 
increase  of  our  smaller  insectivorous  birds. 

498.     Agelaius  phoeniceus  (Linn.)     Red-winged  blackbird. 

Summer  resident  ;  abundant.  Mar.  10 — Nov.  10.  Frequents 
swamps  and  lowland  pastures.  Nest,  over  the  water  in  the  sedge 
grass  or  low  bush  ;  May  3 — June  15  ;  eggs  4-5.  Large  flocks  in  fall 
do  much  olamage  to  the  ripening  grain  ;  otherwise  beneficial. 

501.     Sturnella  magna  (Linn.)     Meadowlark. 

Summer  resident  ;  common.  Mar.  12 — Nov.  20.  Occasional  in 
winter.  Found  in  meadows,  pastures  and  swamps.  Nest,  concealed 
in  the  grass  ;  May  10 — July  10  (probably  a  second  brood);  eggs  4-5. 
Beneficial. 

506.  Icterus  spurius  (Linn.)     Orchard  oriole. 

Summer  resident  ;  rather  uncommon.  May  15 — Aug.  Reported 
from  Holly,  Gaines,  Chili,  Cayuga,  Ithaca,  Utica,  and  Port  Byron. 
Has  bred  at  Lakeside  Park — Auk  16,  195  ;  Buffalo — Ottomar  Rei- 
necke  ;  Montezuma,  May  27,  1899 — Burdette  Wright;  Hamilton, 
May  26,  1899 — Geo.  C.  Embody. 

507.  Icterus  galbula  (Linn.)     Baltimore  oriole. 

Summer  resident;  abundant.  May  3  —  Sept.  i.  Frequents 
orchards  and  shade  trees.  Nest,  usually  suspended  from  the  droop- 
ing branches  of  an  elm,  or  the  twigs  of  an  apple  or  maple  tree,  10-40 
feet  from  the  ground  ;  May  15 — June  10  ;  eggs  4-6.  Mainly  benefi- 
cial, but  sometimes  destroys  fruit  buds,  green  peas  and  small  fruits. 

508.  Icterus  bullocki  (Swains.)     Bullock's  oriole. 
Accidental  visitant.     This  western  species  was  taken  at  Onondaga 

Valley,  May  17,  1879,  by  J.  A.  Dakin — A.  W.  Perrior. 

509.  Scolecophagus  carolinus   (Mull. )     Rusty  blackbird. 
Transient  visitant  ;   abundant  in  the  fall  ;   fairly  common  in  the 

spring.      April   1-30  ;    Sept.    10 — Nov.    15.       Practically  confined  to 
the  vicinity  of  water,  and  wades  almost  as  well  as  any  snipe. 


44  ROCHESTER  'ACADEMY    OF    SCIENCE. 

5iib.     Quiscalus  quiscula  aeneus  (Ridgw.)     Bronzed  grackle. 

Summer  resident  ;  abundant.  Mar.  12 — Nov.  10.  Feeds  in 
pastures,  plowed  fields  and  along  the  borders  of  ponds  and  streams. 
Nest,  usually  in  evergreens,  often  several  in  the  same  tree.  Apr.  20 
— June  i.  I  have  found  the  nest  of  this  species  in  a  deserted  wood- 
pecker's hole  ;  eggs  4-5.  Often  destructive  to  newly  planted  corn 
and  ripening  grain. 

Family  FRINGILLIDAE,     Finches,  sparrows,  etc. 

514.  Coccothraustes  vespertinus  (Coop. )     Evening  grosbeak. 
Winter   visitant  ;    rare   and   irregular   in   occurrence.      Reported 

from  Buffalo,  Medina,  Lockport,  Br.ockport,  Gaines,  Chili,  Naples, 
Wayland  and  Ithaca  in  the  winter  of  1889-1890  ;  from  'Brant  and 
Buffalo,  winter  of  1886-87  (as  late  as  Apr.  15)  ;  and  from  Marcellus, 
July  8,  1882 — Auk,  Oct.,  1888  ;  also  at  Clinton— Egbert  Bagg. 

515.  Pinicola  enucleator  canadensis  (Cab.)     Pine  grosbeak. 
Winter  visitant  ;  like  crossbills,  of  irregular  occurrence.     Found 

in  small  flocks  feeding  on  fruit  of  mountain  ash,  black  ash,  tamarack, 
etc.  Springville,  Dec.  30,  1882.  Lockport,  Feb.  29,  1883 — Davison. 
Bristol,  Dec.  21-30,  1895.  Yates  Co. ,  Mar.  15,  1896 — Verdi  Burtch. 
"Common,  winter  of  1895-96" — Short,  p.  14. 

517.     Carpodacus  purpureus  (Gmel.)     Purple  finch. 

Summer  resident  ;  fairly  common  ;  common  as  transient  visitant. 
Mar.  25 — Nov.  5.  Found  in  orchards  and  groves.  Nest,  usually  in 
evergreens  10-20  feet  from  the  ground  ;  May  10 — June  15  ;  eggs  3-5. 

521.  Loxia  curvirostra  minor   (Brehm)     American  crossbill. 
Winter  visitant  ;    irregular,   but    often   fairly  common.      Nov.— 

May  12.  Accidental  in  summer;  Lockport,  June  8  and  July  28, 
1888 — Davison.  Found  among  coniferous  trees  in  small  flocks. 

522.  Loxia  leucoptera  Gmel.     White-winged  crossbill. 

Winter  visitant  ;  irregular.  Found  in  flocks,  feeding  on  seeds  of 
coniferous  trees.  Auburn,  Dec.  24,  1878 — Aub.  p.  17  ;  Springville, 
Dec.  28,  1882;  Holly,  Feb.,  1888— Auk  16,  195;  Benton  Centre, 
Feb.  28,  1897  ;  also  Penn  Yan,  Feb.  4 — Apr.  19,  1900 — Verdi 
Burtch. 


EATON BIRDS    OF    WESTERN    NEW    YORK.  45 

528.  Acanthis  linaria  (Linn.)     Redpoll. 

Winter  visitant  ;  of  irregular  occurrence. .  Cayuga  Co. ,  common, 
fall  and  winter  of  1878-1879  ;  Erie  Co.,  common,  winter  of  1880-1881, 
Nov.  25 — Apr.  6.  Some  years  not  found  at  all.  Occurs  in  flocks, 
feeding  on  seeds  of  the  birch,  alder  and  weeds. 

529.  Astragalinus  tristis  (Linn.)     American  goldfinch. 
Resident  ;    abundant    in    summer,    of   irregular   distribution  in 

winter.  Found  in  gardens,  fields,  orchards  and  hedgerows  ;  swamps 
in  winter.  The  latest  of  our  birds  to  breed  ;  July  5— Aug.  10.  Nest, 
in  bush  or  low  tree  ;  eggs  4-5.  Beneficial. 

533-     Spinus  pinus  (Wils. )     Pine  siskin. 

Winter  visitant ;  rather  irregular  in  distribution  ;  sometimes 
abundant  and  sometimes  not  seen  for  years  in  a  given  locality.  Nov. 
—Apr. 

534.     Passerina  nivalis  (Linn.)     Snowflake. 

Winter  visitant  ;  some  years  abundant.  Oct.  25 — Mar.  15. 
Travels  in  flocks,  feeding  on  weed  seeds  in  the  open  field. 

536.     Calcarius  lapponicus  (Linn.)     Lapland  longspun 

Winter  visitant ;  rare.  Several  records.  The  last,  Canandaigua, 
Jan.  27,  1898.  Found  in  company  with  snowflakes. 

540.     Pooecetes  gramineus  (Gmel.)     Vesper  sparrow. 

Summer  resident ;  abundant.  Apr.  2 — Nov.  i.  Frequents 
open  fields  and  roadsides.  Nest,  on  the  ground  among  the  grass  ; 
May  2 — June  30  ;  two  broods  ;  eggs  4-5.  Beneficial,  like  all  our  native 
sparrows. 

542a.  Ammodramus  sandwichensis  savanna  (Wils. )     Savanna 

sparrow. 

Summer  resident ;  common.  Apr.  10 — Oct.  20.  Found  in 
open  fields,  prefers  lower  meadows  than  the  vesper  sparrow.  Nest, 
on  the  ground  among  the  thick  grass,  May  5 — July  15  ;  two  broods  ; 
eggs,  3-5- 

546.     Ammodramus  savannarum  passerinus    (Wils.)     Grass- 
hopper sparrow. 

Summer  resident  ;  fairly  common  among  rolling  sand-hills,  but 
by  no  means  of  general  distribution.  May  18 — Oct.  5.  Nest  found 
at  Maplewood,  Monroe  Co.,  June  I,  1893 — Short,  p.  15.  Also  at 
Phelps  and  Chili. 


46  ROCHESTER    ACADEMY    OF    SCIENCE. 

547.  Ammodramus  henslowii  (Aud. )     Henslow's  sparrow. 
Summer  resident  ;   rare.      Syracuse,  June  30,  1887 — Auk  4,  350. 

548.  Ammodramus  leconteii  (Aud.)     Leconte's  sparrow. 
Transient  visitant;    rare.      Ithaca,    Oct.   n,  1897 — Auk  15,  189. 

549.  i.     Ammodramus  nelsoni  (Allen)   Nelson's  sparrow. 
Transient  visitant  ;  rarely  detected  in  its  marshy  habitat.     Utica, 

Oct.    12,    1883 — R.    &    B.    p,    131.        Canandaigua,    Oct.    7,    1895. 
Hamilton,  Oct.  8,  1898 — George  C.  Embody. 

549.  la.   Ammodramus    nelsoni   subvirgatus  (Dwight)  Acadian 

sharp -tailed  sparrow. 
Transient  visitant  ;    rarely  seen.      Penn  Yan,  Oct.  7,   1896 — Auk 

14,  93.      Ithaca,  Oct.,  1897,  several  observed — L.  A.  Fuertes. 

554.      Zonotrichia  leucophrys  (Forst. )     White-crowned  sparrow. 
Transient  visitant  ;   fairly  common.      May  5-25  ;  Sept.  20 — Oct. 

15.  Frequents  hedgerows  and  shrubbery. 

558.     Zonotrichia  albicollis  (Gmel. )     White-throated  sparrow. 

Transient  visitant;  abundant.  Apr.  24 — May  12  ;  Sept.  15 — 
Oct.  30.  Found  in  scattered  companies  among  briers  and  shrubbery. 

559-     Spizella  monticola  (Gmel.)     Tree  sparrow. 

Winter  visitant  ;  abundant,  especially  in  late  fall  and  early 
spring.  Oct.  20 — Apr.  25.  Found  in  small  companies  among  weeds 
and  shrubbery,  along  the  edges  of  woods  and  swamps. 

560.     Spizella  socialis  (Wils.)     Chipping  sparrow. 

Summer  resident;  abundant.  Apr.  12 — Oct.  25.  Frequents 
orchards  and  shade  trees.  Nest,  few  feet  from  ground,  in  porch  vines, 
shade  trees,  etc.  ;  eggs  4-5. 

563.     Spizella  pusilla   (Wils.)      Field  sparrow. 

Summer  resident;  fairly  common.  Apr.  10 — Nov.  I.  Found 
in  bushy  hillside  pastures  and  open  woods.  Nest,  on  or  near  the 
ground  ;  May  15 — June  20  ;  eggs  4-5. 

567.       Junco  hyemalis  (Linn.)     Slate-colored  junco. 

Transient  visitant ;  abundant.  Mar.  25 — Apr.  20  ;  Sept.  25 — 
Nov.  20.  Occasional  resident.  Breeds  in  higher  and  cooler  localities, 
regularly  at  Springville  and  Olean  ;  May  10 — June  15.  Nest,  in 
mixed  woodlands  on  mossy  banks  ;  eggs  4. 


EATON BIRDS    OF    WESTERN    NEW    YORK.  47 

581.     Melospiza  fasciata   (Gmel.)     Song  sparrow. 

Summer  resident  ;  abundant.  Rare  in  winter.  Mar.  10 — Nov. 
12.  Frequents  gardens,  shrubbery,  edges  of  fields  and  borders  of 
streams.  Nest,  on  or  near  the  ground  ;  May  i — July  20  ;  two  or 
three  broods  reared  ;  eggs  4-5.  Beneficial  by  destroying  noxious 
seeds  and  insects. 

583.  Melospiza  lincolnii  (Aud.)     Lincoln's  sparrow. 
Transient  visitant  ;  apparently  rare.      Last  records  :  Ithaca,  May 

12,  1899 — L.  A.  Fuertes  ;  and  Buffalo,  Oct.  27,  1900 — James  Savage. 
Breeds  in  Herkimer  Co.— Bui.  Nutt.  Orn.  Club,  6,  246  ;  also  R.  &  B. 
p.  132- 

584.  Melospiza  georgiana   (Lath.)     Swamp  sparrow. 
Summer   resident  ;    common.     Apr.    15 — Nov.    10.      Frequents 

grass  and  tangled  shrubbery  of  the  marshes.  Nest,  on  or  near  the 
ground  ;  May  15 — June  10  ;  eggs  4-5. 

585.  Passerella  iliaca  (Merr.)     Fox  sparrow. 

Transient  visitant  ;  fairly  common.  Mar.  25 — Apr.  18  ;  Oct.  10 
— Nov.  10. 

587.     Pipilo  erythrophthalmus  (Linn.)     Towhee. 

Summer  resident  ;  fairly  common  in  bushy  pastures  and  "slash- 
ings." Apr.  15 — Oct.  20.  Nest,  on  the  ground  at  the  foot  of  a  small 
bush  or  stump  ;  June  1-30  ;  eggs  4. 

593.     Cardinalis  cardinalis  (Linn.)     Cardinal. 

Occasional  visitant  from  the  south  ;  several  instances  recorded. 
Lockport,  May  10,  1883  ;  also  twice  in  January — J.  L.  Davison. 
Onondaga  Co.,  two  records — A.  W.  Perrior.  Bluff  Point,  Keuka 
Lake — James  Flahive.  Buffalo — Berg.  p.  15. 

595.     Zamelodia  ludoviciana  (Linn.)     Rose-breasted  grosbeak. 

Summer  resident  ;  fairly  common  in  moist  or  swampy  woods. 
May  7 — Sept.  15.  Nest,  in  a  bush  or  tree,  8-20  feet  from  the  ground  ; 
May  15 — June  20  ;  eggs  3-5,  usually  4. 

598.     Cyanospiza  cyanea  (Linn.)     Indigo  bunting. 

Summer  resident  ;  common.  May  10 — Sept.  30.  Frequents  the 
borders  of  woods,  berry-patches  and  copses.  Nest,  in  a  low  bush  ; 
May  30 — July  20  ;  two  broods  ;  eggs  3-5. 


48  ROCHESTER    ACADEMY    OF    SCIENCE. 

604.     Spiza  americana   (Gmel. )     Dickcissel. 

Accidental  summer  visitant.  Small  flock  seen  at  Tully  in  1 883 
—A.  W.  Perrior. 

Family  TANAGRIDAE.      Tanagers. 
608.     Piranga  erythromelas  Vieill.     Scarlet  tanager. 

Summer  resident  ;  fairly  common  in  woodlands.  May  7 — Sept. 
30.  Nest,  on  a  horizontal  limb  10-50  feet  from  the  ground,  May  20 
—June  15  ;  eggs,  3-4. 

610.  Piranga  rubra  (Linn.)     Summer  tanager. 

Summer  visitant  ;  accidental.  Two  birds  of  this  species  recorded 
at  Olean  by  Mr.  W.  V.  Smith. 

Family  HIRUNDINIDAE.    Swallows. 

611.  Progne  subis  (Linn.)      Purple  martin. 

Summer  resident  ;  fairly  common  about  towns  and  cities.  Apr. 
1 8 — Aug.  30.  Nest,  in  martin  boxes  or  about  the  cornices  of  tall 
buildings  ;  May  15 — June  20.  This  species  is  diminishing  in  num- 
bers, due  to  the  occupation  of  its  nesting  sites  by  the  English  spar- 
rows. Beneficial  like  all  the  swallows. 

612.  Petrochelidon  lunifrons  (Say)     Cliff  swallow. 

Summer  resident  ;  common.  Apr.  24 — Sept.  8.  Nests,  almost 
invariably  in  the  eaves  of  a  large  barn,  in  communities  of  5-100  ; 
May  14 — July  10  ;  eggs  4-5  ;  sometimes  two  broods.  Before  the 
autumn  migration  this  species  and  the  barn  swallow,  together  with  a 
few  of  other  species,  gather  in  countless  numbers  at  chosen  spots  to 
roost  in  low  willows.  Near  Springville  is  such  a  swallow  roost.  It  is 
most  populous  about  Aug.  20.  The  birds  gather  at  sunset  and  scat- 
ter again  at  daybreak. 

613.  Hirundo  erythrogaster  Bodd.     Barn  swallow. 

Summer  resident  ;  abundant.  Apr.  15 — Sept.  12.  Migrates 
mostly  by  day.  Frequents  barns  and  sheds.  Nest,  on  beams  or 
rafters,  sometimes  under  the  eaves  ;  May  5 — July  30  ;  two  broods  ; 
eggs  4-6. 

614.  Tachycineta  bicolor  (Vieill.)     Tree  swallow. 

Summer  resident  ;  fairly  common.  Apr.  2 — Sept.  28.  Often 
abundant  in  April  and  September.  Migrates  by  day  in  large  companies. 


EATON — BIRDS    OF    WESTERN    NEW    YORK.  49 

Nest,  in  a  'hollow  stump,  tree  or  bird-box  ;  May  25— June  15  ;  eggs  5. 
More  fond  of  living  near  the  water  than  all  other  swallows,  except  the 
rough-winged  species. 

616.  Clivicola  riparia  (Linn.)     Bank  swallow. 

Summer  resident  ;  abundant.  Apr.  21 — Aug.  25.  Breeds, 
usually,  in  large  communities  in  sandbanks  ;  May  15 — June  20  ; 
eggs  4-6. 

617.  Stelgidopteryx  sterripennis   (Aud. )     Rough-winged  swal- 

low. 

Summer  resident  ;  rather  uncommon.  Apr.  25 — Aug.  10. 
Breeds  in  small  communities  along  the  shaly  banks  of  the  *  'Finger 
Lakes' '  and  sometimes  in  the  sides  of  gravel  pits.  Fresh  eggs  found 
June  15  ;  eggs  6-8. 


Family  AMPELIDAE.      Waxwings,  etc. 

6 1 8.  Ampelis  garrulus  Linn.     Bohemian  waxwing. 

Winter  visitant  ;  occasional.  Reported  from  Buffalo,  Lockport, 
Penn  Yan,  Syracuse  and  Utica.  Last  record,  Syracuse,  Feb.  10, 
1899 — E.  H.  Johonnot  per  A.  W.  Perrior. 

619.  Ampelis  cedrorum  (Vieill.)     Cedar  waxwing. 

Resident  ;  common.  Somewhat  erratic  in  winter,  but  many 
flocks  survive  the  coldest  weather,  feeding  on  cedar  and  mountain  ash 
berries.  Nest,  in  orchards  and  shade  trees  ;  June  1-20  ;  eggs  5. 

Family  LANIIDAE.     Shrikes. 

621.  Lanius  borealis  Vieill.     Northern  shrike. 

Winter  visitant  ;  fairly  common.  Oct.  25 — Apr.  12.  Frequents 
the  borders  of  woods  and  isolated  trees  in  wide  meadows  and  pastures. 
Often  enters  the  city  in  quest  of  English  sparrows.  Partly  injurious, 
but  the  majority  of  its  food  is  meadow  mice. 

622.  Lanius  ludovicianus  Linn.     Loggerhead  shrike. 
Summer   resident  ;    fairly    common.      Mar.    25 — Oct.    i.      Fre- 
quents upland  fields,  pastures  and  hillsides,  especially  among  scattered 
thorn-trees.     Nest,    in   a  low  thorn-apple  tree  ;  Apr.    20 — May   15  ; 
eggs  4-6.     A  second  brood  (probably),  June  30.      Mostly  beneficial. 

4,  PROC.  ROCH.  ACAD.  OF  Sc.,  VOL.  4,  FEBRUARY  15,  igor. 


50  ROCHESTER    ACADEMY   OF    SCIENCE. 

6223.     Lanius    ludovicianus  excubitorides    (Swains.)     White- 

rumped  shrike. 

What  has  been  written  about  the  preceding  species  may  also  be 
said  of  the  white-rumped  shrike,  if  the  current  descriptions  of  these 
species  are  to  stand. 

Family  VIREONIDAE.      Vireos. 

624.     Vireo  olivaceus  (Linn.)     Red-eyed  vireo. 

Summer  resident  ;  abundant.  May  1 1 — Sept.  5.  Found  both 
in  dooryards  and  woodlands.  Nest,  suspended  from  a  twig  about 
5-10  feet  from  the  ground  ;  May  25 — June  30  ;  eggs  4.  Like  all  the 
vireos,  very  beneficial. 

626.  Vireo  philadelphicus  (Cass. )     Philadelphia  vireo. 
Transient    visitant  ;     rare    in    Ontario    and    Monroe    counties. 

Onondaga  Co.,  not  common — A.  W.  Perrior.      Niagara  Co.,   rather 
rare — J.  L.  Davison.      Buffalo,  rare  migrant — Berg.  p.  17. 

627.  Vireo  gilvus  (Vieill. )     Warbling  vireo. 

Summer  resident  ;  common.  May  4 — Sept.  15.  Frequents 
shade  trees,  orchards  and  groves.  Nest,  usually  in  an  apple  or  maple 
tree,  12-20  feet  from  the  ground  ;  May  18 — June  10  ;  eggs  3-4. 

628.  Vireo  flavifrons  Vieill.     Yellow-throated  vireo. 
Transient   visitant  ;    common.       Summer    resident  ;    occasional. 

May    5 — Sept.    i.     Nest,   on    a   branch    about    10—30  feet  from  the 
ground  ;  May  25 — June  15  ;  eggs  4. 

629.  Vireo  solitarius  (Wils.)     Blue-headed  vireo. 

Transient  visitant  ;  uncommon.  May  5-30,  Sept.  1-20.  Some- 
times found  in  summer  above  the  i,5OO-foot  line  of  the  Alleghany 
foot-hills. 

62gb.     Vireo  solitarius  plumbeus  (Coues)     Plumbeous  vireo. 

Accidental  visitant.  One  record  for  central  New  York,  Peter- 
boro,  Madison  Co.,  Sept.  24,  1893 — Auk,  Jan.  1894,  79. 

631.     Vireo  no veboracensis  (Gmel.)     White-eyed  vireo. 

Summer  resident;  rare.  Onondaga  Co.,  "rare" — A.  W. 
Perrior.  Buffalo,  "rare  migrant  "—Berg.  p.  17.  Penn  Yan—  Aub. 
p.  1 6.  Breeds  near  Lockport — Lang.  p.  254. 


EATON BIRDS    OF    WESTERN    NEW    YORK.  51 

Family  MNIOTILTIDAE.     Wood  warblers. 

636.  Mniotilta  varia  (Linn.)     Black  and  white  warbler. 
Transient  visitant ;  fairly  common.     Occasional  summer  resident. 

Apr.  28 — Aug.  20.  Found  in  woodlands,  especially  along  the 
gullies  of  the  ' '  Finger  Lakes. ' ' 

637.  Protonotaria  citrea  (Bodd.)     Prothonotary  warbler. 
Accidental  visitant,     Buffalo,    "  rare  migrant — Chas.  Linden,"  — 

Berg.  p.  17. 

639.     Helmitherus  vermivorus  (Gmel.)      Worm-eating  warbler. 

Summer  resident  ;  rare.     Breeds  at  Branchport,  June,  1896 — C. 

N.  Davis  ;  also  1899 — C.  F.  Stone.  Chili,  occasional  migrant — Short, 

p.  17.   Penn  Yan,  occurs  regularly — Aub.  p.  10.     Also  Lang.  p.  604. 

641.  Helminthophila  pinus  (Linn.)     Blue-winged  warbler. 
Transient   visitant  ;    rare.       Reported   in   Auburn    List,   p.    10. 

Also  in  Bergtold's  List,  p.  17.  Lockport,  July  21,  1889 — Davison. 
Elmira,  May  22,  1867 — Gregg,  p.  21. 

642.  Helminthophila  chrysopt era  (Linn. )    Golden- winged  warb- 

ler. 

Transient  visitant ;  rare.  Penn  Yan,  May,  1872 — Aub.,  p.  n. 
Onondaga  Valley,  May,  1879 — A.  D.  Brainard  per  A.  W.  Perrior. 
Buffalo,  rare — Berg.  p.  17.  Elmira,  May  22,  1867 — Gregg,  p.  21. 
Summer  resident  at  Chili,  Medina  and  Naples — Short,  p.  17. 

645.  Helminthophila  rubricapilla  (Wils.)     Nashville  warbler. 
Transient  visitant  ;  fairly  common.     May  4-16.     Found  in  open 

woodlands,  mostly  among  deciduous  trees.  Rare  summer  resident 
at  Chili — Short,  p.  17.  Also  at  Holland  Patent — R.  &  B.  p.  137. 

646.  Helminthophila  celata  (Say)     Orange-crowned  warbler. 
Transient  visitant  ;    rare.     Syracuse,  Oct.  2,    1886 — Auk  4,  350. 

Utica,  Sept.  16,  1880— R.  &  B.  p.  137. 

647.  Helminthophila  peregrina  (Wils.)     Tennessee  warbler. 
Transient  visitant ;  rather  rare.      Auburn,  Sept.  18,  1878 — Aub. 

p.  ii.  Utica,  Sept.  30,  1879 — R.  &  B.  p.  137.  Lockport,  Oct. 
31,  1880 — Davison.  Ithaca,  May,  1893 — ^,  A.  Fuertes.  Chili,  rare 
summer  resident — Short,  p.  17. 


52  ROCHESTER    ACADEMY    OF    SCIENCE. 

6483.   Compsothlypis    americana    usneae    Brewst.        Northern 
parula  warbler. 

Transient  visitant  ;    fairly   common.       May   10-30;     Sept.  1-20. 
Found  in  orchards  and  woodlands.      "  Common  summer  resident" 
Aub.  p.  10,  also  R.  &  B.  p.  137.      "Rare  summer  resident" — Short, 
p.  18. 
650.     Dendroica  tigrina  (Gmel. )     Cape  May  warbler. 

Transient  visitant  ;    uncommon.     Syracuse,   tolerably  common — 
A.  W.  Perrior.      Ithaca,  May  10,1899 — L.  A.  Fuertes.      Buffalo,  rare 
migrant — Berg.  p.  17.      Penn  Yan — Aub.    p.  12.       Oneida  Co. — R. 
&  B.  p.  137- 
652.     Dendroica  aestiva  (Gmel.)     Yellow  warbler. 

Summer  resident;  abundant.  May  i  —  Sept.  25.  Found  in 
gardens,  orchards  and  edges  of  groves.  Nest,  usually  5-8  feet  from 
the  ground  ;  eggs  4-5.  Beneficial  like  all  the  warblers. 

654.  Dendroica    caerulescens    (Gmel.)      Black  -  throated    blue 

warbler. 

Transient  visitant  ;  common.  May  10-25  >  Sept.  15 — Oct.  12. 
Occasional  summer  resident;  found  breeding  near  Buffalo,  Spring- 
ville,  Utica  and  Branchport.  Nest  placed  amidst  dense  undergrowth  ; 
June  1-15  ;  eggs  3-5. 

655.  Dendroica  coronata  (Linn.)     Myrtle  warbler. 
Transient  visitant  ;   abundant.      Apr.    24 — May   18  ;    Sept.    15 — 

Oct.  25.  According  to  Mr.  Ottmar  Reinecke  it  breeds  near  Buffalo. 
Usually  found  in  small  companies,  frequenting  thickets  and  wood- 
lands. 

657.  Dendroica  maculosa  (Gmel.)     Magnolia  warbler. 
Transient  visitant  ;  common.     Occasional  summer  resident.     May 

12 — Sept.  25.  Frequents  mixed  woodlands  and  found  breeding  at 
Springville,  June  i,  1895  ;  also  Yates  Co.,  June  4,  1899 — C.  N.  Davis. 

658.  Dendroica  rara  Wils.     Cerulean  warbler. 

Summer  resident  ;  locally  not  uncommon.  May  12 — ?.  Breeds 
near  Buffalo,  Lockport,  Chili,  Penn  Yan,  Seneca  River  and  Oneida. 
Auk  5,  430  ;  also  17,  178. 

659.  Dendroica  pensylvanica  (Linn.)     Chestnut-sided  warbler. 
Summer  resident  ;  common.    May  8 — Sept.  5.    Found  in  thickets. 

and  edges  of  woods.  Nest,  in  a  low  bush,  usually  in  berry  patches  ; 
May  15 — June  10  ;  eggs  3-4.  Second  brood  sometimes  reared,  July  5. 


EATON BIRDS    OF   WESTERN    NEW    YORK.  53 

660.  Dendroica  castanea  (Wils.)     Bay-breasted  warbler. 
Transient  visitant  ;    common   in   the  spring  of   1897  and    1898. 

Usually  of  fairly  common  occurrence.     May  12-28  ;  Sept.  15-30. 

661.  Dendroica  striata  (Forst. )     Black-poll  warbler. 
Transient  visitant  ;  common.     May  21 — June  5  ;  Sept.  10 — Oct. 

15.     Found  in  orchards  and  groves. 

662.  Dendroica  blackburniae  (Gmel. )     Blackburnian  warbler. 
Transient  visitant ;  common.     Occasional  summer  resident.    May 

8 — Sept.  25.  Breeds  in  the  higher  and  cooler  forests  of  hemlock, 
birch  and  maple,  Springville,  June  i,  1895  ;  also  in  Tonawanda 
Swamp — Langille. 

667.      Dendroica  virens  (Gmel.)      Black-throated  green  warbler. 

Summer  resident  ;  fairly  common.  May  5 — Oct.  15.  Found  in 
moist,  mixed  woodlands.  Nest,  20-40  feet  from  the  ground,  usually 
in  hemlock  trees  ;  June  1-20  ;  eggs  4. 

671.  Dendroica  vigorsii  (Aud. )     Pine  warbler. 

Transient  visitant ;  uncommon.  Ithaca,  ' '  not  rare  in  spring  and 
fall" — L.  A.  Fuertes.  Lockport,  "rare" — J.  L.  Davison.  Syr- 
acuse, "rare" — A.  W.  Perrior.  Breeds  at  Oneida  Lake,  1889 — 
Egbert  Bagg. 

672.  Dendroica  palmarum  (Gmel.)     Palm  warbler. 
Transient   visitant ;    rather  rare.     Has   been   taken   at  Buffalo, 

Penn  Yan,  Lockport,  and  Utica.  Last  records,  Holly,  May  12,  1888 
— Auk  1 6,  195.  Utica,  several  taken — Egbert  Bagg. 

672a.   Dendroica  palmarum  hypochrysea  Ridgw.     Yellow  palm 
warbler. 

Transient  visitant;  uncommon.  Apr.  18 — May  10  ;  Sept.  20 — 
Oct.  15.  Found  among  bushes  and  low  trees,  often  feeding  on  the 
ground.  Ithaca,  "not  uncommon  in  early  spring" — L.  A.  Fuertes. 
Syracuse,  rare  migrant — A.  W.  Perrior. 

673.  Dendroica  discolor  (Vieill. )     Prairie  warbler. 

Summer  visitant ;  accidental.  Penn  Yan,  two  specimens  col- 
lected by  James  Flahive.  DeKay  says  it  is  abundant  along  the  shores 
of  Lake  Erie. 


54  ROCHESTER    ACADEMY    OF    SCIENCE. 

674.  Seiurus  aurocapillus  (Linn.)     Oven-bird. 

Summer  resident  ;  abundant.  May  4 — Sept.  10.  Found  in  all 
woodlands.  Nest,  on  the  ground,  by  a  small  bush  or  bunch  of 
grass  ;  May  20 — June  10  ;  eggs  4-5. 

675.  Seiurus  noveboracensis  (Gmel.)     Water-thrush. 
Transient  visitant  ;  fairly  common.     May  4-20  :  Aug.  i — Sept. 

20.  Found  in  swampy  woods.  According  to  Bergtold,  Short  and 
Bagg,  this  species  breeds.  I  have  never  had  the  fortune  to  find  it  in 
the  breeding  season. 

676.  Seiurus  motacilla  (Vieill.)     Louisiana  water- thrush. 
Summer  resident ;  common  in  the  gullies  of  the  ''Finger  Lakes" 

and  along  many  woodland  streams.  Apr.  20 — Aug.  20.  Nest,  near 
the  water  among  the  ferns,  roots  and  mosses  ;  May  20 — June  15  ; 
eggs  4-6. 

677.  Geothlypis  formosa  (Wils. )     Kentucky  warbler. 
Transient   visitant  ;    rare.       Not   reported    as    yet   in   summer. 

Potter  Swamp,  Yates  Co.,  Sept.  27,  1896 — C.  F.  Stone.  Chili,  May, 
1894 — Short,  p.  1 8. 

678.  Geothlypis  agilis  (Wils. )     Connecticut  warbler. 
Transient  visitant  ;  uncommon.     Cayuga  Co.,   Sept.   7  and  17, 

1878 — Aub.  p.  13.  Yates  Co.,  Sept.  17,  1896 — Verdi  Burtch. 
Utica,  Sept.  18,  1880;  Sept.  8,  1881— R.  &  B.  p.  141.  Chili,  Aug. 
1893 — Short,  p.  1 8.  Penn  Yan,  Sept.  4,  5  and  8,  1900— Verdi 
Burtch. 

679.  Geothlypis  Philadelphia  (Wils.)     Mourning  warbler. 
Summer  resident:    fairly  common.     May  15 — Sept.  20.     Found 

in  woodlands  among  brier  patches  and  thickets.  Nest,  on  or  near 
the  ground  among  ferns  and  briers  ;  May  30 — June  20  ;  eggs  4. 

68 1.     Geothlypis  trichas  (Linn.)     Maryland  yellow- throat. 

Summer  resident;    common.      May    n — Oct.    10.       Frequents 
swampy    thickets.       Nest,    near   the    ground  ;     May    25 — June    15  ; 
eggs,  3-5. 
683.     Icteria  virens  (Linn.)     Yellow- breasted  chat. 

Summer  resident  ;  rather  rare.  Has  been  taken  at  Lancaster, 
West  Seneca,  Shelby  Centre,  Penn  Yan  and  Ithaca.  Also  found 
breeding  at  Chili,  May  26,  1900 — Oologist,  Sept.,  1892,  and  Short, 


EATON BIRDS    OF    WESTERN    NEW    YORK.  55 

p.  19  ;  Holland  Patent,  June  6,  1898 — Auk  15,  331  ;  Branchport, 
May  30,  1898,  and  June  13,  1899 — Auk  16,  285  ;  Penn  Van,  July  8, 
1900,  second  set  and  nearly  ready  to  hatch — Verdi  Burtch. 

684.  Wilsonia  mitrata  (Gmel.)     Hooded  warbler. 

Summer  resident  ;  fairly  common.  May  12 — Aug.  15.  Found 
in  rather  dense  woodlands,  usually  near  the  ground.  Nest,  in  a  low 
bush  1 8  inches  from  the  ground  ;  June  1-20  ;  eggs  3-4. 

685.  Wilsonia  pusilla  (Wils. )     Wilson's  warbler. 

Transient  visitant ;  uncommon.  May  10 — 30.  Sept.  i — 20. 
Frequents  bushes  and  lower  portions  of  trees. 

686.  Wilsonia  canadensis  (Linn.)     Canadian  warbler. 
Summer  resident  of  the  higher  and   cooler  districts.     Common 

transient  visitant.  May  8 — Sept.  15.  Breeds  in  mixed  woodlands 
(hemlock,  beech,  maple  and  birch)  amid  dense  undergrowth.  Nest, 
on  or  near  the  ground  ;  May  30 — June  10  ;  eggs  4. 

687.  Setophaga  ruticilla  (Linn.)     American  redstart. 
Summer  resident  ;    fairly  common.   May  10 — Sept.  18.    Migrates 

by  night.  Found  in  groves  and  woodlands.  Nest,  in  a  bush  or  on  a 
low  limb,  usually  in  maples  or  beeches  ;  May  20 — June  15  ;  eggs  4. 
Beneficial. 

Family  MOTACILLIDAE.      Wagtails. 

697.     Anthus  pensilvanicus  (Lath. )     American  pipit. 

Transient  visitant  ;  fairly  common,  especially  in  autumn.  Sept. 
25 — Nov.  10  ;  Apr. — May  15.  Often  seen  migrating  by  day  in  small 
companies.  Found  in  low  meadows  and  on  marshy  shores  in  com- 
pany with  sandpipers  and  plover. 

Family  TROGLODYTIDAE.      Wrens,  thrashers,  etc. 

703.  Mimus  polyglottos  (Linn.)     Mockingbird. 

Summer  visitant ;  accidental.  Buffalo,  two  records — James 
Savage.  Olean — W.  V.  Smith. 

704.  Galeoscoptes  carolinensis  (Linn.)     Catbird. 

Summer  resident  ;  abundant.  May  5 — Sept.  30.  Migrates  by 
night.  Found  in  gardens,  hedges  and  thickets.  Nest,  in  low,  thick 
bush  ;  May  15 — July  5  ;  2  broods  ;  eggs  3-5.  Mostly  beneficial. 


56  ROCHESTER    ACADEMY    OF    SCIENCE. 

705.     Harporhynchus  rufus  (Linn. )     Brown  thrasher. 

Summer  resident  ;  fairly  common.  May  i — Oct.  10.  Migrates 
by  night.  Found  in  bushy  pastures  and  about  copses  and  borders  of 
woods.  Nest,  in  a  low,  thick  bush  ;  eggs  3-5  ;  May  15 — June  20. 
Beneficial. 

718.     Thryothorus  ludovicianus  (Lath. )     Carolina  wren. 

Summer  resident;  rare.  Ithaca,  ''regular  summer  resident. 
Breeds" — L.  A.  Fuertes.  Buffalo,  Nov.  5,  1894 — James  Savage. 
Tully,  Aug. — Dec.,  1892 — J.  A.  Dakin.  Batavia,  Dec.  24,  1894 — 
Short,  p.  19. 

721.  Troglodytes  ae.don  Vieill.     House  wren. 

Summer  resident  ;  formerly  common,  now  becoming  rare  in  many 
places.  May  4 — Sept.  20.  Found  in  gardens,  orchards  and  woods. 
Nest,  in  bird-boxes  or  hollow  stumps  ;  May  15 — July  5  ;  eggs  5-9. 
Beneficial. 

722.  Anorthura  hiemalis  (Vieill.)     Winter  wren. 

Transient  visitant  ;  fairly  common.  Apr.  8 — May  12.  Sept.  25 
—Nov.  30.  Migrates  by  night.  Found  in  gardens  and  forests, 
among  the  shrubbery  and  brush  piles,  usually  near  water.  Breeds  at 
Ithaca,  according  to  F.  H.  King,  Bui.  Mut.  Orn.  Club  3,  195;  and 
Bergen  Swamp — James  Savage. 

724.  Cistothorus  stellaris  (Licht. )     Short-billed  marsh  wren. 
Summer  resident  ;    apparently  uncommon.      Last  date,    Ithaca, 

Oct.  15,  1898 — T.  L.  Hankinson.  I  have  never  found  its  nest,  but 
according  to  the  Buffalo,  Chili,  Auburn  and  Utica  lists  it  breeds. 

725.  Cistothorus  palustris  (Wils. )     Long-billed  marsh  wren. 
Summer  resident  ;  common.      May   10 — Oct.   20.      Migrates  by 

night.  Found  in  reedy  bogs  and  marshes.  Nest,  suspended  in  the 
tall  grass;  May  30 — June  25  ;  i  brood  ;  eggs  5-8.  Beneficial. 

Family  CERTHIIDAE.   Creepers. 

726.  Certhia  familiaris  fusca  (Barton)    Brown  creeper. 
Transient  visitant  ;  common.       Mar.    15 — May   i;  Oct.  i — Nov. 

10.  Fairly  common  in  winter.  Occasional  summer  resident.  Found 
breeding  at  Buffalo  by  Ottomar  Reinecke.  Occurs  in  orchards, 
shade  trees  and  woods.  Beneficial. 


EATON — BIRDS    OF   WESTERN    NEW    YORK.  57 

Family  P  A  R I D  A  E .    Nuthatches  and  tits. 

727.  Sitta  carolinensis  Lath.     White-breasted  nuthatch. 
Resident  ;  abundant.      Found  in  orchards  and  woodlands.     Nest, 

in  hollow  tree  ;    Apr.  18 — May  15  ;    i  brood  ;    eggs  6-9.     Beneficial. 

728.  Sitta  canadensis  Linn.     Red-breasted  Nuthatch. 

Winter  visitant  ;  fairly  common.  Oct.  i — Mar.  30.  Occurs 
mostly  in  secluded  woodlands.  Breeds  at  Buffalo, — Berg.  p.  20  ;  at 
Holland  Patent — Auk  7,  230. 

729.  Sitta  pusilla  Lath.     Brown-headed  nuthatch. 

Summer  visitant  ;  accidental.  Elmira,  May  24,  1888 — Auk  5,  432. 
731.  Parus  bicolor  Linn.  Tufted  titmouse. 

Accidental  visitor  from  the  south.  Holly,  March  17,1899, — Auk 
1 6,  196.  Buffalo — Berg.  p.  20.  Elmira — Gregg  p.  24. 

735.  Parus  atricapillus  Linn.     Chickadee. 

Resident  ;  abundant.  Found  in  trees  and  shrubbery.  Nest,  in 
hollow  stump  or  tree  ;  Apr.  18 — May  25.  Eggs  6-8.  Beneficial. 

736.  Parus  carolinensis  Aud.     Carolina  Chickadee. 
Accidental  visitant.     Lancaster — Berg.  p.  20. 

Family  SYLVIIDAE.     Warblers,  kinglets,  gnat 'catchers. 

748.  Regulus  satrapa  Licht.     Golden-crowned  kinglet. 
Transient   visitant  ;    common.       Occasionally   found    in   winter. 

Oct.    i — Apr.   30.      Migrates   by  night.      Found   in  orchards,  groves 
and  woodlands. 

749.  Regulus  calendula    (Linn.)   Ruby-crowned  kinglet. 
Transient  visitant  ;  common.     Apr.    15 — May  7  ;  Oct.  10 — Nov. 

i.     Migrates  by  night.      Found  in  copses  and  woodlands.     Beneficial. 

751.     Polioptila  caerulea  (Linn.)   Blue-gray  gnatcatcher. 

Summer  resident  ;  rare.  Canandaigua,  June  3,  1886 — Elias  J. 
Durand.  Lancaster — Berg.  p.  20.  Breeds,  Coldwater,  1890 — 
Short,  p.  20. 

Family  TURDIDAE.      Thrushes,  stone-chats,  blue-birds,  etc. 
755.     Hylocichla  mustelina  (Gmel. )    Wood  thrush. 

Summer  resident  ;  common.  May  6 — Sept.  20.  Migrates  by 
night.  Found  in  city  parks,  and  in  woodlands.  Nest,  usually  in  low 
tree  or  bush,  but  sometimes  30  feet  from  ground.  May  20 — June  15  ; 
Eggs,  3—4.  Beneficial,  like  all  the  thrushes. 


58  ROCHESTER    ACADEMY    OF    SCIENCE. 

756.  Hylocichla  fuscescens  (Steph.)  Wilson's  thrush. 

Summer  resident  ;  common.  May  6 — Sept.  10.  Migrates  by 
night.  Found  in  copses  and  woodlands.  Nest,  on  or  near  the 
ground,  May  20 — June  30.  Eggs,  4-5. 

757.  Hylocichla  aliciae  (Baird)  Gray-cheeked  thrush. 

Transient  visitant  ;  fairly  common.  May  and  October.  According 
to  the  Auburn  List  this  species  is  more  common  than  the  olive-backed 
thrush  in  Cayuga  Co. ;  but  the  writer  has  found  it  much  less  common 
in  Springville,  Rochester  and  Canandaigua. 

758a.   Hylocichla  ustulata  swainsonii  (Cab. )  Olive-backed  thrush. 

Transient  visitant  ;  common.  May  8-30  ;  Sept.  20 — Oct.  15. 
Migrates  by  night.  Found  in  shrubbery  of  dooryards  and  in  deep 
woods.  Nest  found  in  YatesCo.,  June  13,  1897,  by  Verdi  Burtch. 

759b.  Hylocichla  aonalaschkae  pallasii  (Cab.)    Hermit  thrush. 

Transient  visitant;  common.  Apr.  23 — May  8;  Sept.  25 — Oct.  30. 
Migrates  by  night.  Found  in  shrubbery  of  dooryards  as  well  as  in  deep 
forests.  Nest  found  in  Yates  Co.,  May  29,  1898,  by  C.  F.  Stone. 

761.     Merula  migratoria   (Linn.)  American  robin. 

Abundant  summer  resident,  rare  in  winter.  March  3 — Nov.  20. 
Migrates  by  day,  usually  in  scattered  companies.  Found  in  door- 
yards, orchards  and  groves,  feeding  mostly  in  open  fields.  Nesting 
site  varied,  usually  in  a  low  tree.  Apr.  15 — July  5.  2-3  broods  ; 
eggs,  3—5,  usually  4.  Fond  of  cherries  but  mainly  beneficial. 

766.     Sialia  sialis  (Linn.)  Bluebird. 

Summer  resident  ;  common.  Mar.  5 — Nov.  20.  Migrates  by 
day  in  small  companies  or  pairs.  Found  in  orchards,  pastures  and 
stump-lots.  Nest,  in  a  box  or  hollow  tree  ;  Apr.  15 — July  8  ;  2  or  3 
broods  ;  eggs,  4-6.  Beneficial. 


Passer  domesticus  (Linn.)   English  sparrow. 

Introduced.  Strictly  resident.  Very  abundant.  Unworthy  of 
a  place  among  our  birds.  Gradually  crowding  out  the  wren,  the 
martin,  and  the  bluebird.  Becoming  a  scourge  to  the  grain  fields 
and  smaller  garden  fruits. 


EATON BIRDS    OF    WESTERN    NEW   YORK.  59 

HYPOTHETICAL  LIST. 

Inasmuch  as  this  paper  is  published  chiefly  for  the  use  of  bird 
students  in  western  New  York,  it  seems  advisable  to  add  a  list  of 
those  species  which  may  possibly  be  taken  in  this  region.  Many  of 
these  birds  are  more  liable  to  be  found  here  than  the  accidental  species 
which  have  actually  been  captured.  For  example,  the  black-throated 
loon,  Barrow's  golden-eye,  Forster's  tern,  Cory's  least  bittern, 
Richardson's  owl,  purple  grackle,  Kirtland's  warbler  and  Hudsonian 
chickadee  might  more  naturally  be  expected  to  occur  than  such  birds 
as  the  scaled  petrel,  tropic  bird,  cinnamon  teal  and  Bullock's  oriole. 

The  authorities  for  all  statements  relating  to  the  ranges  and 
accidental  records  of  the  hypothetical  species  are  the  Auk,  the  A.  O. 
U.  Check-list  and  Chapman's  Hand-book. 

9.     Gavia  arctica  (Linn. )     Black-throated  loon. 

This  species  has  been  taken  on  Lake  Erie  and  also  off  Toronto 
on  Lake  Ontario. 
38.     Stercorarius  longicaudus  Vieill.     Long-tailed  jaeger. 

"  Northern  hemisphere;  south  in  winter  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico." 
62.  Xema  sabinii  (Sab.)  Sabine's  gull. 

'  *  Arctic  regions ;  south  in  winter  to  New  York   and  the  Great 
Lakes," 
65.     Sterna  maxima  Bodd.     Royal  tern. 

'  *  Tropical   America ;  casually  northward  to   Massachusetts  and 
the  Great  Lakes." 
69.     Sterna  forsteri  Nutt.     Forster's  tern. 

This  species  formerly  bred  on  northern  shore  of  Lake  Erie  and 
undoubtedly  has  occurred  in  this  region, 
128.     Fregata  aquila  Linn.     Man-o'-war  bird. 

Tropical  regions;  casually  northward  to  Nova  Scotia,  Ohio  and 
Wisconsin, 
(138.)     Nettion  crecca  (Linn.)     European  teal. 

' '  Occasional  in  eastern  North  America. ' ' 
152.     Clangula  islandica  (Gmel.)     Barrow's  golden-eye. 

'  *  South  in  winter  to  New  York. ' '     This  species  has  been  taken 
at  Lorain,  O. ,  and  Toronto,  Can. 
(168.)     Nomonyx  dominicus  (Linn.)     Masked  duck. 

Tropical  America;  accidental  in  Wisconsin,  .Lake  Champlain  and 
Massachusetts. 


60  ROCHESTER    ACADEMY    OF    SCIENCE. 

169.     Chen  hyperborea  (Pall.)     Lesser  snow  goose. 

Western  N.  A. ;  casually  eastward  to  New  England. 
169.1.     Chen  caerulescens  (Linn.)     Blue  goose. 

Interior  N.  A. ;  occasionally  eastward  to  the  Atlantic  Coast. 

I73a.     Branta  bernicia  glaucogastra    (Brehm)       White-bellied 
brant. 

Arctic  America;  southward  in  winter. 
188.     Tantalus  loculator  Linn.     Wood  ibis. 

Southern  U.  S. ;  casually  northward  to  New  York. 
191.1.     Ardetta  neoxena  Cory.     Cory's  least  bittern. 

This  species  has  been  taken  several  times  and  found  breeding  at 
Toronto;  therefore  it  may  be  looked  for  in  western  New  York. 
200.     Ardea  caerulea  Linn.     Little  blue  heron. 

Eastern  U.  S. ;  casually  north  to  Massachusetts,  New  Hampshire 
and  Labrador. 
(217.)     Crex  crex'(Linn.)     Corncrake. 

' '  Casual  in  eastern  N.  A. " 
226.     Himantopos  mexicanus  (Miill. )     Black-necked  stilt. 

Temperate  N.  A.;  rare  in  the  eastern  states. 
(227.)     Scolopax  rusticola  (Linn.)     European  woodcock. 

Occasional  in  eastern    N.   A, ;    has  been  taken   in   New  Jersey, 
Pennsylvania  and  Rhode  Island. 

243.  Tringa  alpina  Linn.     Dunlin. 
"Accidental  in  eastern  N.  A." 

244.  Tringa  ferruginea  Briinn.     Curlew  Sandpiper. 
"  Occasional  in  Eastern  N.  A." 

(260.)     Pavoncella  pugnax  (Linn.)    Ruff. 

"Occasional  in  eastern  N.  A."      Has  been  taken  at  Toronto. 
277a.  Aegialitis  meloda  circumcincta     Ridgw.      Belted   piping 
plover. 

"Mississippi  Valley — eastward  to  Atlantic  coast." 
278.     Aegialitis  nivosa  Cass.     Snowy  plover. 

Western  U.  S. ;  has  been  taken  twice  at  Toronto. 
301.      Lagopus  lagopus  (Linn.)   Willow  ptarmigan. 

Arctic  regions  ;  often  straggles   southward  in  winter.      Has  been 
taken  at  Watson,  New  York;  and  Whitby,  Ontario. 
327.     Elanoides  forficatus  (Linn.)  Swallow-tailed  kite. 

Interior  U.  S. ;  casually  to   Manitoba,  New  York  and  New  Eng- 
land. 


EATON — BIRDS    OF    WESTERN    NEW    YORK.  6l 

337b.   Buteo  borealis  calurus  (Cass.)  Western  redtail. 

Western  N.  A.     Has  been    taken    at    St.  Thomas  and  Toronto, 
Ont. 

353.  Falco  islandus  Briinn.     White  gyrfalcon. 

Arctic   regions  ;     wandering     southward    to    Maine   and    Long 
Island. 

354.  Falco  rusticolus  Linn.     Gray  gyrfalcon. 
Arctic  regions  ;   straggling  southward  in  winter. 

354a.    Falco  rusticolus  gyrfalco  (Linn.)   Gyrfalcon. 

Arctic  regions  ;    rarely  south  in  winter  to  Massachusetts,  Rhode 
Island,  Long  Island. 

371.     Nyctala  tengmalmi   richardsoni    (Bonap.)    Richardson's 
owl. 

Arctic  America  ;    south  in  winter   to    northern    U.  S.     Has  been 
taken  in  western  Pa. 
378.     Speotyto  cunicularia  hypogaea  (Bonap.)    Burrowing  owl. 

Western  U.  S. ;  accidental  in  N.  Y.  and  Mass. 

393a.   Dryohates  villosus  leucomefas    (Bodd.)    Northern  hairy 
woodpecker.    . 

Northern  N.  A. ;    south  to  northern  U.  S. 

401.      Picoides  americanus  Brehm.     American    three-toed  wood- 
pecker. 

Northern  N.  A.  ;    resident  in  Herkimer  and  Lewis  Cos. ,  N.  Y. 
443.     Milvulus  forficatus   (Gmel.)   Scissor-tailed  flycatcher. 

Accidental  in  New  Jersey,  New  England,  Ontario  and  Manitoba. 
447.  Tyrannus  verticalis  Say.  Arkansas  kingbird. 

Western  U.  S. ;  accidental  in  Maine,  New  Jersey  and  New  York. 
475.  Pica  pica  hudsonica  (Sab.)  American  magpie. 

Indefinitely  reported  for  western  N.  Y.  by  De  Kay.    The  nearest 
recent  record,  Odessa,  Ont. — Auk  15,  274. 
484.     Perisoreus  canandensis    (Linn.)    Canada  jay. 

A  common  resident  in  Herkimer  Co.,  but  has  not  yet  been  noted 
in  the  region  included  in  this  list. 

497.     Xanthocephalus  xanthocephalus  (Bonap,;  Yellow-headed 
blackbird. 

Western  N.  A. ;  casually  east  to  Mass. ,  Penn. ,  etc.  This  bird 
has  been  reported  from  Rochester,  N.  Y. ,  but  the  record  is  an  error. 
511.  Quiscalus  quiscula  (Linn.)  Purple grackle. 

Southern  states  north  to  Mass,  and  the  Hudson  Valley.  Has  not 
yet  been  reported  with  certainty  from  western  New  York. 


62  ROCHESTER    ACADEMY    OF   SCIENCE* 


Acanthis  hornemannii  exilipes  (Coues)     Hoary  redpoll. 

Arctic  regions  ;  southward  to  northern  U.  S. 
5283.  Acanthis  linaria  holboellii  (Brehm)      Holboell's    redpoll. 

'  '  South  in  winter  to  New  York  and  Massachusetts.  '  ' 
5280.  Acanthis  linaria  rostrata  (Coues)     Greater  redpoll. 

South  in  winter  to  New  England  and   New  York.      Has  been 
taken  at  Locust  Grove,  Lewis  Co. 
538.     Calcarius  ornatus  (Towns.)    Chestnut-collared  longspur. 

Interior   N.    A.  ;  casually  eastward   to   Massachusetts  and  Long 
Island. 
552.     Chondestes  grammacus  (Say)     Lark  sparrow. 

Interior  N.  A.  ;  casually  east  to  Massachusetts,  Long  Island,  New 
Jersey,  etc. 
597.     Guiraca  caerulea  (Linn.)     Blue  grosbeak. 

Southeastern  U.  S.  ;    casually  northward  to  New  England.      Mr. 
Rufus  Stanley  thinks  he  has  seen  it  at  Elmira,  N.  Y. 
605.     Calamospiza  melanocorys  Stejn.     Lark  bunting. 

Western  U.  S.  ;  casually    east  to  Massachusetts,   New  York  and 
South  Carolina. 
607.     Piranga  ludoviciana  (  Wils.  )     Louisiana  tanager. 

Western  U.  S.  ;  casually  east  to  Massachusetts,    Connecticut   and 
New  York. 
656.     Dendroica  auduboni   (Towns.)     Audubon's  warbler. 

Western  U.  S.  ;  casual  in  Massachusetts  and  Pennsylvania. 
663.      Dendroica  dominica  (Linn.  )     Yellow-throated  warbler. 

Southern  U.  S.  ;  casually  to  New  York  and  Massachusetts. 
670.     Dendroica  kirtlandi  Baird.     Kirtland's  warbler. 

This  bird  has  been  captured  in  Ohio,  and  Toronto,  Ont. 
740.     Parus  hudsonicus  Forst.     Hudsonian  chickadee. 

Northern  N.  A.  ;  this  bird  is  a  resident  in   Herkimer  Co.   and  at 
Remsen,  Oneida  Co. 
7573.   Turdus  aliciae  bicknelli  (Ridgw.  )     Bicknell's  thrush. 

Mountainous  parts  of  Eastern  states.      Dr.  Merriam  has  recorded 
it  for  Lewis  Co. 
763.     Hesperocichla  naevia  (Gmel.  )     Varied  thrush. 

Pacific  coast  ;  accidental  in  New  York,   Massachusetts  and  New 
Jersey. 
765.     Saxicola  oenanthe  (Linn.)     Wheatear. 

Greenland  and  Labrador  ;  straggling  southward  to  Maine,   Long 
Island  and  Louisiana. 


INDEX. 


Avocet,  American,  6,  27. 
Baldpate,  10,  21. 
Birds  of  prey,  33. 
Bittern,  American,  11,  24. 

Cory's  least,  60. 

least,  11,  24. 
Blackbird,  red-winged,  3,  II 

rusty,  13,  43. 

yellow-headed,  61. 
Bluebill,  sec  scaup  duck. 
Bluebird,  15,  58. 
Bobolink,  4,  13,  42. 
Bob-white,  12,  31. 
Brant,  11,  24. 

black,  11,  24. 

white-bellied,  60. 
Buffle-head,  11,  22. 
Bunting,  indigo,  14,  47. 

lark,  62. 
Butterball,  see  buffle-head. 

Canvasback,  10,  22. 

Cardinal,  14,  47. 

Catbird,  4,  15,  55. 

Chat,  yellow-breasted,  3,  15 

Chickadee,  15,  57. 
Carolina,  6,  57. 

Hudsonian,  62. 
Coot,  American,  11,  27. 
Cormorant,  10, 19. 

double  crested,  10,  20. 
Cowbird,  13,  43. 
Crake,  corn,  60. 
Crane,  sandhill,  6,  25. 

whooping,  6,  25. 
Creeper,  brown,  3, 15,  56. 
Crossbill,  American,  13,  44. 

white-winged,  13,  44. 
Crow,  American,  13,  42. 
Cuckoo,  black  billed,  13,  38 

yellow-billed,  12,  38. 
Curlew,  Eskimo,  4,  12,  30. 

Hudsonian,  12,  30. 

long-billed,  12,  30. 
Dickcissel,  6,  48. 
Diving  birds,  16. 
Dove,  mourning,  12,  33. 
Dowitcher,  11,  28. 

long-billed,  11,  28. 
Duck,  American  scaup,  10,22. 

black,  10,  20. 

harlequin,  6,  22. 

lesser  scaup,  10,  22. 

masked,  59. 

ring-necked,  10,  22. 

ruddy,  11,  23. 

wood,  10,  21. 
Dunlin,  60. 
Eagle,  bald,  12,  35. 

golden,  12,  35. 
Egret,  American,  3, 11,  25. 
Eider,  American,  11,  22. 

king,  11,  23. 
Finch,  purple,  13,  44. 
Flicker,  northern,  13,  39. 
Flycatcher,  alder,  13,  41. 

crested,  3, 13,  40. 

green-crested,  3, 13,  41. 

least,  13,  41. 

olive-sided,  13,  41. 

scissor-tailed,  61. 

yellow-bellied,  3,  13,  41. 


Gadwall,  10,  21. 
Gallinule,  Florida,  11,  27. 
purple,  6,  26. 


purple,  6, 
tcatcher, 


Gnatcalcher,  blue  gray,  3, 

Godwit,  Hudsonian,  11,  29'. 

marbled,  11,  29. 
Golden-eye,  American,  11,  22 

Barrow's,  59. 

Goldfinch,  .American,  13,  45. 
Goose,    American     white- 
fronted,  6,  23. 

blue,  60. 

Canada,  11,  23. 

greater  snow,  6,  23. 

lesser  snow,  60. 

Hutchins,  11,  23. 
Goshawk,  American,  12   34 
Grackle,  bronzed,  13,  44. 

Grebe,  Hoiboell's,  10, 16. 

horned,  10, 16. 

pied-billed,  10, 16 
Grosbeak,  blue,  62. 

evening,  13,  44. 

pine,  3, 13,  44. 

rose-breasted,  4, 14,  47 
Grouse,  Canadian  ruffed,  12 
32 

ruffed,  3,  12,  32. 
Gull,  American  herring,  10 
18 

Bonaparte's,  10, 18. 

glaucous,  10, 17. 

great  black-backed,  10, 17 

herring,  10, 17. 

Iceland,  10, 17. 

laughing,  6, 18. 

ring-billed,  10,  18. 

Sabine's,  59. 
Gryrfalcon,  61. 

black,  12,  35. 

gray,  61. 

white,  61. 

Hawk,     American     rough- 
legged,  12,  35. 

American  sparrow,  12,  36. 

broad-winged,  12,  35. 

Coopers,  12,  34. 

duck,  12,  35. 

marsh,  12,  34. 

pigeon,  12,  35. 

red-shouldered,  12,  34 

red  tailed,  12,  34. 

sharp-shinned,  12,  34. 

Swamson's  12,  34. 
Heron,  black-crowned  night, 
11,25. 

great  blue,  11,  25. 
reen,  11, 


snowy,  6,  25. 
yellow-crowned  night, 

High-hple,  see  flicker, 
ummingbird,   ruby-throat- 
ed, 13,  40. 

bis,  glossy,  3, 11,  24. 

white-faced,  glossy,  11,  24. 
wood,  60. 

aeger,  long-tailed,  59. 
parasitic,  10, 17. 
pomarine.  10,  17. 


Jay,  blue,  13,  42. 

Canada,  61. 
Junco,  slate-colored,  3,  14,  46 

Kildeer,  12,  31. 
Kingbird,  13,  40. 

Arkansas,  61. 
Kingfisher,  belted,  13,  38. 
Kinglet,  golden-crowned, 

15,  57. 

ruby-crowned,  3, 15,  57. 
Kite,  swallow-tailed,  60. 
Kittiwake,  4, 10, 17. 
Knot,  11,  28. 

Lark,  horned,  13,  42. 

prairie,  horned,  13,  42 
Longspur,  chestnut-collared, 
62 

Lapland,  13,  45. 
Loon,  10,  16. 

black-throated,  59. 

red-throated,  10, 16. 

Magpie,  American,  6,  61. 
Mallard,  4, 10,  20. 
Man  o-war  bird,  59. 
Martin,  purple,  14,  48. 
Meadowlark,  4, 13,  43. 
Merganser,  American,  3  40,20 

hooded,  10,  20. 

red-breasted,  10,  20. 
Mockingbird,  15,  55. 
Mud-hen,  see   gallinule   and 

Murre,  Briinnich's,  10, 16. 
Nighthawk,  13,  40. 
Nuthatch,  brown-headed, 

15,  57. 

red-breasted,  3, 15,  57. 

white-breasted,  15,  57. 

Old-squaw,  11,  22. 
Oriole,  Baltimore,  13,  43. 

Bullock's,  4,  6, 13,  43. 

orchard,  3, 13, 43. 
Osprey,  American,  12,  36. 
Oven-bird,  15,  54. 
Owl,  American  barn,  12,  36. 

American  hawk,  12,  37. 

American  long-eared, 

12  36 

barred,  12,  36. 

burrowing,  61. 

great  gray,  12,  37. 

great  horned,  3,  12,  37. 

Richardson's,  61. 

saw-whet,  12,  37. 

screech,  12,  37. 

short-eared,  12,  36. 

snowy,  4, 12,  37. 

Croquet,  Carolina,  37. 
Cartridge,  see  ruffed  grouse, 
'ehcan,     American     white, 

'erching  birds,  40. 

etrel,  black-capped,  10  19 

scaled,  10,  19. 

Wilson's,  10, 19. 
ewee,  wood,  3, 13,  41. 
halarope,  northern,  11,  27. 

red,  11,  27 

Wilson's,  11,  27. 
heasant,  Mongolian,  15,  32. 
hoebe,  13,  41. 


64 


INDEX. 


Pigeon,  passenger,  12,  32. 
Pintail,  10,  21. 
Pipit,  American,  15,  55. 
Plover,     American     golden, 
3,  12,  31. 

belted  piping,  60. 

black  bellied,  12,  31. 

piping,  12,  31. 

semipalmated,  12,  31. 

snowy,  60. 

Wilson's,  12,  31. 
Ptarmigan,  willow,  60. 

Quail,  see  bob- white. 

Rail,  black,  11,  26. 

clapper,  6, 26. 

king,  3,  11,  26. 

Virginia,  11,  26. 

yellow,  11,  26. 
Raven,  northern,  13,  42. 
Redhead,  10,  21. 
Redpoll,  4, 13,  45. 

greater,  62. 

hoary,  62. 

Holboell's,  62. 
Redstart,  American,  15,  55. 
Radtail,  western,  61. 
Robin,  American,  4,  5, 15,  58. 
Ruff,  60. 

Sanderling,  11,  29. 
Sandpiper,  Baird's,  11,  29. 

Bartramian,  12,  30. 

buff  -breasted,  12,  30. 

curlew,  60. 

least,  11,  29. 

pectoral.  11,  28. 

purple,  ll,  28. 

red-backed,  11,29. 

semipalmated,  11,  29. 

solitary,  12,  30. 

spotted,  12,  30. 

stilt,  11,  28. 

western,  11,  29. 

white-rumped,  11,  28. 
Sapsucker,  yellow-bellied, 

13,  39. 
Scoter,  American,  11,  23, 

surf,  11,  23. 

white- winged,  11,  23. 
Shore  birds,  27. 
Shoveller,  10,  21. 
Shrike,  loggerhead,  4,  14,  49. 

northern,  14,  49. 

white-rumped,  14,  50. 
Siskin,  pine,  13,  45. 
Skimmer,  black,  4,  10, 19. 
Skua,  10.  17. 

Snipe,  Wilson's,  3, 11,  28. 
Snowflake,  3, 13,  45. 
Sora,  11,  26. 

Sparrow,    Acadian    sharp- 
tailed,  14,  46. 

chipping,  14,  46. 

English,  15,  58. 

field,  14,  46. 

fox.  14,  47. 


Sparrow,  grasshopper,  13,  45. 

Henslow's,  14,  46. 

house,  see  sparrow,  Eng- 
lish. 

lark,  62. 

Leconte's,  14,  46. 

Lincoln's,  14,  47. 

Nelson's,  14,  45. 

Savanna,  4,  13,  46. 

song,  4, 14,  47. 

swamp,  14,  47. 

tree,  3,  14,  46. 

vesper,  3,  13,  45. 

white-crowned,  14,  46. 

white-throated,  14,  46. 
Stilt,  black-necked,  60. 
Swallow,  bank,  14,  49. 

barn,  14,  48. 

cliff,  14,  48. 

rough-winged,  3,  14,  49. 

tree,  14,  48. 
Swan,  trumpeter,  6,  24. 

whistling,  4,  11,  24. 
Swift,  chimney,  13,  40. 
Swimmers,  lamellirostral,  20. 

long-winged,  17. 

totipalmate,  19. 

tube-nosed,  19. 
Tanager,  Louisiana,  62. 

scarlet,  3,  4,  14, 48. 

summer,  3,  6,  48. 
Teal,  blue-winged,  3, 10,  21. 

cinnamon,  4,  6,  10,  21. 

European,  59. 

green- winged,  10,  21. 
Tern,  arctic,  6,  18. 

black,  10,  19. 

Caspian,  10,  18. 

common,  10,  18. 

Forster's,  59. 

least,  10,  18. 

roseate,  10, 18. 

royal,  59. 

sooty,  10,  18. 
Thrasher,  brown,  15,  56. 
Thrush,  Bicknell's,  62. 

gray-cheeked,  15,  58. 

hermit,  3,  15,  58. 

olive-backed,  3,  15,  58. 

varied,  62. 

Wilson's,  15,  58. 

wood,  15,  58. 
Titmouse,  tufted,  15,  57. 

Towhee,  14,  47. 

Tropic  bird,  yellow-billed,  4. 
10,19. 

Turkey,  wild,  32. 
Turnstone,  12,  31. 
Vireo,  blue-headed,  14,  50. 

Philadelphia,  14,  50. 

plumbeous,  14,  50. 

red-eyed,  14,  50. 

warbling,  14,  50. 

white-eyed,  14,  50. 

yellow-throated,  14,  50. 
i  Vulture,  black,  12,  33. 

turkey,  12,  33. 


Warbler,  Audubon's,  62. 

bay -breasted,  15,  53. 

black  and  white,  14,  51. 

Blackburnian,  3,  15.  53. 

black  poll,  15,  53. 

black-throated  blue,  3,  14, 
52. 

black- throated  green,  15, 
53. 

blue- winged,  14,  51. 

Canadian,  3,  15,  55. 

Cape  May,  14,  52. 

cerulean,  3,  15,  52. 

chestnut-sided,  15,  52. 

Connecticut,  15,  54. 

golden- winged,  14,  51, 

hooded,  8,  15,  55. 

Kentucky,  15,  54. 

Kirtland's,  62. 

magnolia,  3, 14,  52. 

mourning,  3,  15,  54. 

myrtle,  3, 14,  52. 

Nashville,  14,  51. 

northern  parula,  14,  52. 

orange-crowned,  14,  51. 

palm,  15,  53. 

pine,  15,  53. 

prairie,  15,  53. 

prothonotary,  6,  51. 

Tennessee,  14,  51. 

Wilson's,  15,  55. 

worm-eating,  3,  14,  51. 

yellow,  3,  14,  52. 

yellow  palm,  15,  53. 

yellow-throated,  62. 
Water-thrush,  15,  54. 

Louisiana,  3,  15,  54. 
Waxwing,  Bohemian,  14,  49. 

cedar,  14,  49. 
Wheatear,  62. 
Whip-poor-will,  13,  40. 
Whistler,  see  golden-eye. 
Widgeon,  10,  21. 
Willet,  12,  30. 
Wood  warblers,  51. 
Woodcock,  American,  11,  27. 

European,  60. 
Woodpecker,  American, 

three-toed,  61. 

arctic  three-toed,  13,  38. 

downy,  3,  13,  38. 

hairy,  13,  38. 

northern  hairy,  61. 

northern  pileated,  13,  39. 

red-bellied,  3,  13,  39. 

red-headed,  13,  39. 
Wren,  Carolina,  3, 15,  56. 

house,  15,  56. 

long-billed  marsh,  5, 15, 56. 

short-billed  marsh,  15,  56. 

winter,  3,  15,  56. 
Yellow-legs,  12,  29. 

greater,  11,  29. 
Yellow-throat,  Maryland,  15, 


-. 


